1. 準確選項：
(1)同義變更 。行將原文中的某一句話用另外一種說法表達，也便是英文中的paraphrase。如將文章中的"many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”換成選項中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind"。
個中包含三種範例：變更同義詞，變更句型，變更同根詞的詞性。如下分離闡述，請留意表格中的斜體字。
2.毛病選項：
對付GRE瀏覽文章中更大批的毛病選項，ETS也構成了一套牢固的規矩。如下筆者就用實例來解釋毛病選項體例的規矩：
(1)混偏反無。
1)混: 此類選項的毛病可以形象地歸納綜合為：“張冠李戴”。 以下例：
文章："...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses"
GRE瀏覽測驗標題：The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to
(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm
(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本題問至公司假如沒有使投標轉化為定單將引發甚麽成果。而這恰好是小公司的特色。)
(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government
(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors
(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts
2)偏： 意即選項中所包括的邏輯領域與原文不符。包含”以偏概全“ 和”以全概偏”。請看下文：
Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the 1970’s.
GRE瀏覽標題：The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors
(B) describing common themes in Black American literature
(C) discussing an important work in Black American literature
(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the early twentieth century
(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black American novels in the second half the twentieth century
剖析：此文描寫並評價了美國黑人文學史上一部優良的著作。而個中的D，E選項中的“Black American literature”和“the writing of Black American novels”無疑擴展了原文的邏輯涵蓋的規模，即屬於“以全概偏”。因而不予選取。
3)反： 即選項中的內容與文章內容相反。
文章：“....Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a black community......”
標題：
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women
剖析：從文章中得悉：“馬歇爾已解脫了抗議小說所一向描寫的受榨取而且帶有慘劇顏色的女主人公形象”。然則B選項卻說道：“馬歇爾深深地遭到二十世紀初期抗議小說的影響”，顯著與原辭意思相反。
再如：
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
剖析：C選項“與以前的抗議小說相似” 與原辭意思相反。而B選項的“深受二十世紀初期小說的影響”從文章沒法推想出。
4)無：即 提到文章中未觸及的內容。因為此種選項體例輕易，而且ETS一廂寧願地以為此種困惑手腕異常高超。是以，此類毛病選項在GRE瀏覽的毛病選項中數目浩瀚。請列位考生牢記：凡基於文章內容沒法推想出的選項必定毛病。
照樣上文：
標題：
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women
剖析：從文章中得悉：“馬歇爾與別的兩位的的配合點在於他們都把小說聚焦於一名通俗的黑人女性對本身身份的尋求，固然故事因此一個黑人社會為配景”。個中的A選項“未研討百人文化對腳色生存所帶來的影響”文章從未觸及。
再如：
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
剖析：D選項“二十世紀50年月末期主要，然則本日過期了”文章從未觸及。
(3) 含有誇大性說話(第一流、獨一性和比擬級)的選項
ETS會隨便地在選項中參加一些極度說話來體例毛病選項。會合表示為含有第一流，獨一性和比擬級的辭匯。換句話說，含有這三類辭匯的選項毛病的概率很高。詳細說：
1)第一流辭匯：best , the most important, the least useful, uttermost, foremost, uppermost, always ,never, often, usually，primarily，primary，exact(ly)，complete(ly) . entire(ly) absolute(ly) extremely, unmitigated . unrestrained . unchecked. first等
2)獨一性辭匯：only, alone, exclusively, sole(ly), unique(ly)
3)比擬級辭匯：more useful than, less beneficial than, better , worse than ，as ..as, the same with, similar to 等等。
照樣以上兩例：
According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they
(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives
(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century
(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels
(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture
(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women
剖析：此處的D選項和E選項中的“primarily”和“exclusively”都屬於比擬極真個辭匯。
It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being
(A) completely different from novels written before 1959
(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century
(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it
(D) important in the late 1950’s but dated today
(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s
剖析：此處的A選項中的“completely” 也屬於比擬極真個辭匯。
(4) 違背“論據會合”原則：
即此類選項試圖應用非定位處的信息答復題目。此類選項極具困惑性，由於這些毛病的選項在文章中確切被說起過，但是因為與題目答復無關是以不予選取。
請看下例：
“No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the(E) mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by(B) temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a (D)back-coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.
On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the (C)Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. ”
【題】The author refers to a “conveyor belt” in order to
(A)illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle
(B)show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents
(C)demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(D)describe the complicated motions made possible by back coupling
(E)account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges
剖析：此題為一道舉例感化題。其定位為文章中加粗和劃線的句子。然則這四個毛病的選項都無一破例地經由過程應用別的的句子體例而成，即出題機構分離應用文章中標號為 A，B，C和D的內容體例出四個毛病的選項。是以，不予選取。考生切忌由於文章別之處曾湧現過相似的內容而心神不定。
市場價：HK$ 110
