地球上最為彪悍的十大陸地動物(下)

2016/02/18 瀏覽次數:138 收藏
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  5.Gorilla

  5.大猩猩

  Gorillas are the largest living primate by size. Theyare also the third-closest living relatives to humans,after chimpanzees and bonobos. Gorillas can grow tonearly 6 feet tall with an arm span that stretches upto 8.5 feet. They can weigh up to 500 pounds in thewild, while obese gorillas in captivity can reachweights of 600 pounds.

  大猩猩是體型最大的靈長類動物。它是排在黑猩猩,倭黑猩猩以後,第三類與人類血緣比來的靈長類動物。黑猩猩體長6尺,臂展可以到達8.5尺。野生黑猩猩重量可到達500磅,人工豢養的大猩猩體重則可到達600磅。

  Adult gorillas are believed to be about six times stronger than adult humans in terms of upperbody strength. There is no definitive answer to how strong a gorilla is. However, one gorillain captivity was recorded as having lifted over 1,500 pounds with one arm! Just like humans,gorillas have 32 adult teeth in their mouth. A big difference is that their canine teeth can growup to 2 inches long. These canine teeth help them to chew their diet of coarse plants and alsoto intimidate any foes. When on the move, gorillas can reach speeds of 20-25 miles per hour,very impressive considering their enormous size.

  就上半身而言,成年大猩猩的力氣強度是成年人類(比擬強健)的六倍。迄今為止並無準確的數據解釋大猩猩畢竟有多強健,但是,在人工豢養的大猩猩中,經由試驗記載表現,它一只手可以提起1000磅的物品!大猩猩和人類同樣,有32顆牙齒。可分歧的是,大猩猩的犬牙可以長到2英寸長。犬牙可以贊助它們品味粗壯的植物,還可以威嚇湧現的全部敵人。黑猩猩的挪動速率為20-25英裏/小時,相較於它的體型來講,這個速率已很快了。

  4.African Elephant

  4.非洲象

  The African Elephant is the world's largest animal, and also among the world's most intelligentanimals. They have massively thick bodies, stocky legs, and enormous ears. They stand up to13 feet tall at shoulder height and can weigh over 13,000 pounds. Their ivory tusks alone canweigh up to 100 pounds and can grow up to 8 feet long. They are used for digging, movingobjects, and sparing with each other to establish dominance. Unfortunately, ivory is alsoprized by poachers. An elephant's trunk alone has approximately 100,000 different muscles.To understand how impressive that is, consider that the entire human body contains lessthan 800 individual muscles!

  非洲象的體型為天下之最,它們也是最聰慧的動物之一。非洲象身型壯碩,兩腿壯實,耳朵偉大,高至13英尺,重達13000磅,單單象牙就重約100磅,最長可達8英尺。這些象牙用來發掘器械,挪動物體,有時刻在爭取統治位置時看成兵器。不幸的是,象牙也是偷獵者們的心頭所好。非洲象僅鼻子就有也許10萬塊分歧的肌肉。假如你不克不及懂得這象征著甚麽,想一想看,咱們人類滿身才只有不到800塊肌肉,想必如許你就明確這有多驚人了!

  An elephant's trunk acts as a fifth limb and a sound amplifier. It also helps to collect roots,grasses, fruits and bark that are used for food. This is an important tool considering that adultelephants can consume up to 300 pounds of food in a day. The 100,000 muscles in anelephant's trunk make them incredibly strong. Elephants can use their trunks to deliverdevastating blows to their enemies in self-defense, tear down heavy branches for food, andeven uproot an entire tree trunk. Amazingly, an elephant's trunk is also able to detect anddistinguish smells at a rate that is several hundred times better than dogs. This is due to themany sensory organs that are located throughout the entire trunk.

  鼻子對付非洲象來講既像第五條腿,又是一個擴音器。它可以贊助非洲象收集食品如樹根、綠草、生果和樹皮等。一只成年大象天天須要消費300磅的食品,可見鼻子有何等主要,何況具有多達10萬塊肌肉的象鼻子的確強健非常。大象們可以應用本身的鼻子自衛,給仇敵造成致命性的襲擊,也能夠用來撕扯粗壯的樹枝作為食品,乃至可以將樹幹全部連根拔起。使人驚異的是,因為大象的鼻子裏散布著很多感到器官,象鼻子還可以或許嗅到並鑒別分歧的味道,與狗狗的才能比擬還要快700倍。

  3.Leafcutter Ant

  3.切葉蟻

  There are 47 different species of leafcutter ants, all of which are prevalent in Central andSouth America, Mexico, and some parts of the United States. Over the course of just a fewyears, the underground nests of leafcutters can grow close to 100 feet across. When youinclude the smaller radiating nests that are part of these colonies, they can grow to almost6,500 square feet. A nest like this would contain over eight million leafcutter ants!

  切葉蟻的種類多達47種,多數散布在中美洲,南美洲,墨西哥和美國的部門地域。僅僅在曩昔的幾年時光裏,地面上切葉蟻的巢穴已成長至100英尺寬。假如將一些零碎散布在四周且範圍較小的巢穴也算上的話,總面積約莫為6500平方英尺。在如許的一個巢穴裏棲身的螞蟻居然多達800萬只!

  Amazingly, these tiny ants are second only to humans in terms of having formed both thelargest animal community and the most complex animal community found on Earth. Part oftheir power stems from their social systems. The ants are divided into castes based on theirsize, and each caste is tasked with performing a different function. Some care for fungusgardens, some cut leaves and bring the pieces back to the nest, some patrol the nest andferociously attack enemies, and some act as soldiers who defend the nest, clear trails, andcarry heavy items back to the nest. Leafcutter ants are amazingly strong given their small size.Part of their strength lies in their body composition. The Atta species have three pairs ofspines and the Acromyrmex species have four pairs of spines. Leafcutter ants use their hugejaw muscles and mandibles to cut leaves into smaller, more manageable portions. Althoughmost workers end up carrying a weight that is about three times their body weight, they havethe capability to lift and carry items that are up to 50 times their own body weight. To put thatinto perspective, imagine a human lifting a truck with his teeth! Leafcutter ants also have thepotential to provide powerful anti-cancer drugs for humans. Each leafcutter ant has a bacteriathat lives on their outer surface which acts as an antibiotic to protect against infections. Someof the antibiotics that they produce exhibit strong activity toward drug-resistant cancercells. This could have huge implications for discovering new, more effective types ofchemotherapy drugs.

  使人訝異地是,就動物集合地的範圍和龐雜水平而言,螞蟻僅次於人類。螞蟻所具有的偉大力氣,某一部門源於它們的社會系統。在螞蟻社會中,螞蟻根據體型分為分歧品級,從而履行分歧的義務。有的螞蟻賣力照料真菌性植物花圃;有的賣力切割樹葉並把碎葉帶回巢穴;有的賣力在螞蟻窩鄰近,對侵入的仇敵予以激烈進擊;另有的螞蟻則像兵士同樣守衛故裏,清除路上的螞蟻腳跡,並將重物搬回蟻窩。就切葉蟻的體型而言,它們的力氣確切是非常驚人,而這部門要歸功於切葉蟻的身材組成狀態。Atta屬切葉蟻有3對脊椎,而Acromyrmex屬切葉蟻則有四對。這些螞蟻用他們下巴處的有力肌肉和下頜骨將樹葉切成小的、拿得動的碎葉。只管末了切葉蟻背的這些小碎葉的重量也要靠近本身的3倍重,然則這些螞蟻但是可以或許承載本身50倍的重量的。形象的說,這就相稱於一小我用牙舉起一輛卡車!切葉蟻另有大概對人類研發抗癌藥物供給偉大贊助,這是由於切葉蟻的身材外面生計著一種相似於抗生素的細菌,用來防備沾染。這類細菌中有些反抗藥性的癌細胞有極好的醫治後果。由此可以預感,這大概會對咱們研發出更先輩、更高效的化療藥物發生極大的影響。

  2.Rhinoceros Beetle

  2.獨角仙甲蟲

  There are over 300 species of rhinoceros beetles known to man. They are found on everycontinent except Antarctica. The largest rhinoceros beetles can grow to over 6 inches in length!The aptly named Hercules Beetles are capable of lifting up to 850 times their own weight! Toput that in perspective, try to imagine giving a piggy-back ride to 850 people at once. Orimagine lifting 9 fully grown male elephants. When thought of in those terms, the strength ofthe rhinoceros beetle is truly awe-inspiring.

  全球已被發明的獨角仙甲蟲有300多種,散布在除南極洲外的天下各地。最大的獨角仙甲蟲達6英寸長。獨角仙——恰如其名,能拉動同等於本身重量850倍的器械。換個說法,可以試想一下,當你同時背850小我或是舉起9頭成年公象的時刻,那會是如何的景象呢。想到這些,這只小小的蟲豸所暴發出的能量不由使人寂然起敬。

  Rhinoceros beetles have a thick exoskeleton and wings, although they are not very effectiveflyers due to their large size. Male rhinoceros beetles have horn-like projections on and aroundtheir heads. They cannot bite or sting, so they avoid the few predators they have by hidingunder logs or in vegetation, protecting themselves from being found through camouflage.However, they don't have many predators because of their large size and stature. When theyare in danger, their incredible strength paired with their horns allow them to quickly digthemselves into soil and leaf litter to escape. When rhinoceros beetles are disturbed, theyemit a hissing squeak that is the result of rubbing their wing covers and their abdomentogether.

  獨角仙甲蟲具有厚厚的甲殼和同黨,然則因為體型宏大,飛翔才能並非很好。雄蟲在其頭頂部及四周生有觭角,但它們其實不會叮咬其他生物,以是它們只能經由過程躲在木頭或植物裏以避開天敵。不外,憑仗著其宏大的體型,它們的天敵並未幾。當它們的處境傷害時,它們的觭角暴發力極強,能贊助它們快速挖開落葉層和土壤逃離現場。當獨角仙甲蟲覺得不安時,它們就會用同黨磨擦下腹,發出吱吱的響聲。

  1.Dung Beetle

  1.屎殼郎

  The dung beetle is the world's strongest insect. When talking about proportional strength, thedung beetle is also far and away the strongest animal on the planet.

  屎殼郎是天下上最強的蟲豸——假如按體重和負重比例來算,屎殼郎無疑是地球上最壯大的動物。

  Scientists in London conducted an experiment and found that Onthophagus Taurus dungbeetles could pull an astonishing 1,141 times their own body weight. For the experiment,researchers tried to simulate the beetle's natural environment. Then, by simply gluing a pieceof thread to the beetle's back and pulling on it, researcher's activated the beetle's instinct tofight back and pull in the opposite direction. They measured the strength they pulled using apulley and water, and recorded the amazing feat. To put it in perspective, if a human were topull 1,142 times their own body weight, they would have to pull six full double-decker buses!The strength of dung beetles is even more impressive when you realize that, true to theirnames, they feed on dung or feces. One type of beetle rolls the dung into balls for use as afood source, others bury the dung wherever they find it, and others are dwellers who simplylive in manure. New research shows that dung beetles can actually navigate via the Milky Way.They are the first and only known species in the animal kingdom to do this. By orientingthemselves with the Milky Way, dung beetles are able to move in a straight line, making thequickest exit away from the dung pile with their personal ball of food. This quick exit strategy isto prevent others from stealing their ball.

  倫敦的科學家在試驗中驚異地發明,屎殼郎能拖動相稱於其身材重量1141倍的物體。在試驗中,研討職員試下模仿屎殼郎的天然生計情況,隨後在其背上粘了一條線,並借助滑輪和水將屎殼郎向後拉,研討發明,屎殼郎本能的向相反的偏向對抗。成果,研討職員經由過程丈量先前借助滑輪和水發生的拉力,獲得了屎殼郎自己力氣的驚人數據。換個說法,假如一小我要拉動比本身重1141倍的物體,就相稱於要拉動6輛滿載的雙層巴士。屎殼郎——恰如其名,它們是在糞堆裏長大的。有的屎殼郎慣於把糞便滾成球留作食品貯備,有的則慣於在發明糞便之處將其掩埋起來,另有的乃至是棲身在糞堆裏的。最新研討發明,屎殼郎是動物界裏今朝發明的獨一能穿越星河系的動物。只要把偏向對準星河系,它們可以或許順著它們貯存的糞球徑直向前。這個辦法是它們為了掩護糞球不被竊取而想出來的。

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