6月3日VOA聽力：非洲食糧平安近況的地域差別
A new report on Africa’s food security showedregional differences in progress. Western Africa ledthe continent in reducing the number ofundernourished people since the early 1990s. TheU.N. Food and Agriculture Organization has releasedthe first edition of the Regional Overview of FoodInsecurity in Africa.
Africa, as other parts of the world, has had two main targets for food security: the MillenniumDevelopment Goal of reducing by half the proportion of undernourished people – and thetougher 1996 World Food Summit target of reducing by half the actual number of hungrypeople.
The findings may seem contradictory at first. For example, the prevalence of undernourishedpeople in sub-Saharan Africa declined from 33 percent in the early 1990s to 23 percent today.So, in this case, prevalence is the percentage of Africa’s growing population affected byundernourishment. That’s gone down and that’s good.
However, the FAO report also showed that despite a smaller percentage of the overallpopulation being undernourished, the actual number of undernourished people has increased.It’s risen from nearly 176 million in the early 1990s to 220 million today.
FAO Assistant Director General Bukar Tijani looks at the overall findings and sees brightprospects for Africa’s food security.
“There is a lot of improvement. Heads of state of all the African countries have made a veryconcrete resolve in the declaration in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea,” he said.
The long-titled Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation forShared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods was approved a year ago.
Tijani said, “Before that time there had been high level meetings and there were agreements toget a roadmap going back to the Maputo Declaration of 2003. Governments will make sure theyfocus more, in terms of policy, in terms of more investments.”
The 2003 Maputo Declaration called on African governments to invest 10 percent of theirnational budgets in agriculture.
The FAO’s Regional Overview of Food Insecurity said Angola, Djibouti, Cameroon, Gabon,Ghana, Mali and Sao Tome and Principe “met the relevant Millennium Development Goal ofhalving the proportion of the population suffering from undernourishment and the WorldFood Summit target of halving the absolute numbers of the hungry.”
It said that West Africa made “particular strides.” Tijani said the region “reduced the ranks ofthe hungry by almost 11 million.” He described that as “significant progress despite rapidpopulation growth and recurrent droughts in Sahel countries.”
The FAO report said Eastern and Southern Africa “made some progress,” while Middle Africa is“lagging behind” regarding both the MDG and World Food Summit targets.
Tijani highlighted some of the current obstacles to African food security.
“The effect of climate change, civil strife, epidemics like Ebola and others – and also someinsecurities --these are part of those phenomena and things that are making food securityvery difficult.”
For example, the report said a 20 percent rise in hungry people in East Africa is blamed on“unfavorable climate and drought conditions,” while the doubling of hungry people in CentralAfrica is “largely due to civil strife.”
The findings also showed Africa’s poverty rate declined by 23 percent between 1993 and2011.
As for children, the number of underweight children has declined in sub-Saharan Africa overthe last 20 years, but there’s a growing number of children under five who are overweight.
Health officials said the dual problems of undernourishment and obesity both can be blamedon poor nutrition, such as high calorie but low nutrient foods. Too much sugar and fat havebeen blamed in many cases.
【參考譯文】
非洲食糧平安最新申報註解分歧地域的提高水平有差別，自20世紀90年月初，在削減養分不夫君口數目方面，西非在非洲大陸是表示最佳的。結合國糧農構造宣布了《2015年非洲食糧不平安地域概覽》初版。
像天下其他地域同樣，非洲在食糧平安方面有兩個重要目的：將養分不夫君口比例減半的千年成長目的和更嚴厲的天下食糧峰會目的，行將饑餓生齒數目減半。
這些新揭櫫一看大概有辯論，好比，從20世紀90年月初到如今，撒哈拉南部非洲的養分不夫君口的風行率從33%降低到23%。在這裏，風行率便是非洲日趨增多的養分不夫君口的比例，這個比例已下降，這一點很好。
但是，糧農構造的申報還指出，只管團體生齒的養分不良比例在變小，但現實上的養分不夫君口數目究竟上增長了，從20世紀90歲首年月到如今，這個數字從近1.76億增長到2.2億。
糧農構造助理總做事蒂賈尼看了團體申報成果，以為非洲的食糧平安有著光亮的遠景。
“已有了很大改良，非洲列國的國度元首們已在赤道幾內亞的馬拉博表現了果斷的刻意。”
加速農業成長和轉型以增進配合繁華和改良生存的馬拉博宣言一年前獲得同意經由過程。
蒂賈尼說，“在此以前已舉辦過一些高層集會，會上決議采用線路圖以回到2003年的馬拉博宣言上來，列國當局將確保加倍重視政策方面，舉行更多的投資。”
2003年的馬拉博宣言號令非洲列國當局將國度預算的10%用於農業。
糧農構造的《食糧不平安地域概覽》稱安哥拉、喀麥隆、加蓬、加納、馬裏和聖多美與普林希比共和國“實現了將養分不夫君口減半的相幹千年成長目的和將饑餓絕對生齒數目減半的天下食糧峰會目的。”
該概覽稱西非提高特別偉大，蒂賈尼說該地域“將饑餓生齒削減了近1100萬”。他說只管薩赫勒地帶國度生齒成長敏捷且常常湧現旱災，這已是偉大的提高。
糧農構造的申報稱東非和南非“也獲得一些提高”，而中非在千年成長目的和天下食糧峰會目的方面“比擬落伍”。
蒂賈尼指出非洲食糧平安今朝面對的一些停滯。
“氣象變更、海內辯論、埃博拉等風行病，和統統不安寧身分，全部這些都是給食糧平安帶來艱苦的征象和題目。”
好比，該申報稱東非饑餓生齒增長20%是因為“糟的氣象和幹旱”，中非饑餓生齒翻倍“在很大水平上歸罪於海內辯論”。
該發明還註解，從1993年到2011年間，非洲的貧苦率降低了23%。
對兒童來講，曩昔20年間，撒哈拉南部非洲的體重不敷兒童數目已削減，但有愈來愈多的五歲如下兒童超重。
衛生官員稱養分不良和超重這個兩重題目均可歸罪於養分糟，好比高熱量但低養分的食品，在許多情形下都要歸因於太多的糖和脂肪。
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