托福閱讀背景知識之厄爾尼諾

　　考生在備考托福測驗的時刻假如能多懂得一些配景常識，那對考生的答題是非常有贊助的，托福瀏覽文章分為天然科學、人文科學、互聯網等幾大類，假如同窗們日常平凡能對這些種類的文章都有所瀏覽，托福瀏覽測驗中碰到相幹的話題就會有異常熟習的感到。本日留學托福測驗頻道就為考生分享下托福瀏覽配景常識之厄爾尼諾，願望對考生有贊助。

　　The research is published online in the journal Nature Geoscience(地球科學). El Nino is a periodic(周期的)warming in the eastern tropical Pacific that occurs along the coast of South America. Recently, scientists have noticed that El Nino warming is stronger in the Central Pacific rather than the Eastern Pacific, a phenomenon known as El Nino Modoki (Modoki is a Japanese term for "similar, but different").

　　Last year, the journal Nature published a paper that found climate change is behind this shift from El Nino to El Nino Modoki. While the findings of that paper are still being debated, this latest paper in Nature Geoscience presents evidence that El Nino Modoki drives a climate pattern known as the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO).

　　"We've found that El Nino Modoki is responsible for changes in the NPGO,"said Emanuele Di Lorenzo, associate professor in the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology. "The reason this is important is because the NPGO has significant effects on fish stocks(魚類)and ocean nutrient distributions(海洋養分散布)in the Pacific, especially along the west coast of the United States."

　　The NPGO, first named two years ago by Di Lorenzo and colleagues in a paper in Geophysical Research Letters, explained for the first time long-term changes in ocean circulation of the North Pacific, which scientists now link to an increasing number of dramatic transitions in coastal marine(沿海海疆)ecosystems.

　　"The ecosystems of the Pacific may very well become more sensitive to the NPGO in the future," said Di Lorenzo. "Our data show that this NPGO is definitively linked to El Nino Modoki, so as Modoki becomes more frequent in the central tropical Pacific, the NPGO will also intensify(加強)."

　　Vocabulary：

　　Geoscience：n. 地球科學

　　environmental geoscience　情況地學

　　South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission

　　南寧靖洋運用地球科學委員會(南太地科委)

　　Coordinating Committee for Coastal and Offshore Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia

　　東亞和東南亞沿海和近海地球科學計劃調和委員

　　Periodic：a.周期的，按期的，時而產生的

　　The quality or state of being periodic; recurrence at regular intervals.

　　周期性周期湧現的性子或狀況; 以牢固的距離而產生

　　A column in the periodic table of the elements.

　　屬，族元素周期表上的一欄

　　Ecosystems：生態體系

　　Aquatic ecosystems share a number of basic structural and functional characteristics with terrestrial ecosystems.

　　水生生態體系的構造和性能,在很多根本特點方面同陸地生態體系同樣。

　　Temperate forest ecosystems occupy a position of prominence among all ecosystems.

　　溫帶叢林生態體系在全部生態體系中占領上風位置。

　　以上信息為考生分享了托福瀏覽配景常識之厄爾尼諾，願望能拓寬同窗們的瀏覽面。普遍的托福瀏覽配景常識積聚，有助於托福瀏覽速率和精確率的晉升，考生必定要看重配景常識的積聚，末了，祝考生在接下來的托福測驗中有精彩的施展。