托福閱讀句子插入題的一個本質和一個原則

　　在托福瀏覽備考的過程當中，除對單詞，長難句剖析和學術配景舉行彌補以外，10種托福瀏覽的根本題型也是眾人預備的重點。究竟就像去病院治病同樣，能有的放矢，固然會起到更好的後果。句子插入題原來屬於10種題型中比擬簡略的範例，然則在對浩瀚門生的課程傳授進程當中，筆者發明，句子插入題的一個實質和一個原則每每被眾人疏忽，致使失分許多，願望眾人引發看重。

　　PART1：一個實質---插入句是一句“無關緊要”的話。

　　本題的出題地位眾人比擬清晰，一樣平常位於倒數第二題的地位，而且用來出題的段落是眾人應當在前面的標題中已見到過，而以前的標題和文章既然眾人懂得起來沒有湧現大的停滯，就解釋插入進來的句子是----一句無關緊要的話。這就要從兩個方面來懂得了。

　　作甚“可有”?

　　既然插入句能放進原文中去，就解釋它和原文是有必定幹系的，以是叫“可有”，這也就象征著，插入句的部門寄義是在原文中有所反復的。以是咱們的重點是回到文中找那部門被反復的句意。比方：

　　Watt’s steam engine soon showed what it could do。 It liberated industryfrom dependence on running water。 The engine eliminated water in the mines bydriving efficient pumps， which made possible deeper and deeper mining。 Theready availability of coal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to developthe first new form of nighttime illumination to be discovered in a millenniumand a half。 Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps and flickering candles， and earlyin the new century， well-to-do Londoners grew accustomed to gaslit houses andeven streets。 Iron manufacturers， which had starved for fuel while depending oncharcoal， also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal： blast furnaceswith steam-powered bellows turned out more iron and steel for the new machinery.Steam became the motive force of the Industrial Revolution as coal and iron orewere the raw materials。

　　(TPO6-Powering the Industrial Revolution)

　　Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentencecould be added to the passage。

　　The factories did not have to go to the streams when power could come tothe factories。

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　在上題中，“liberated industry from dependence on running water”和 “The factoriesdid not have to go to the streams”句意便產生了重合。以是咱們可以肯定，文中第二句話的先後應當是咱們可以選取的規模。

　　作甚“可無”?

　　這個就是常常被眾人疏忽的處所。既然這句話，可以省略，那末這個插入句畢竟要相符甚麽特色呢?照樣以上題為例，咱們發明 “liberatedindustry from dependence on running water”和 “The factories did not have to go tothe streams”句意產生了重合，那畢竟應當把插入句放在第二個照樣第三個呢?這時候就須要分情形評論辯論了：

　　情形1：放在第二個，也便是說咱們以為插入句是和下文有幹系，既然要相符“可無”這個實質，以是說插入句必需是對下文歸納綜合大概引出。

　　情形2：放在第三個，也便是說咱們以為插入句是和上文有幹系，既然要相符“可無”這個實質，以是說插入句必需是對上文進一步說明。

　　綜合以上兩種情形，咱們會發明，插入句要末總結引出下文，要末進一步說明上文。以是咱們會發明，在插入題中，前一句的論述規模應當總比後一句大。

　　依據上述內容，也就引出了咱們須要留意的一個異常主要的做題原則：

　　PART2：一個原則

　　在插入題中，句子的論述次序遵守從大到小，從抽象到詳細的原則。找到反復的句意後，依照巨細次序安頓插入句的地位。

　　在上題中，“liberated industry from dependence on running water”的意思是解放了工場對水流的依附。“The factories did not have to go to thestreams”的意思是工場不消去往河道的地位。明顯前者說的更歸納綜合和抽象，後者更詳細，以是依照從大到小的次序，應當選取第二個。

　　PART3：實踐演習

　　Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynastiesintroduced new forms and different technologies。 One of the most far-reachingexamples is the impact of the fine ninth-century AD。 Chinese porcelain waresimported into the Arab world。 So admired were these pieces that they encouragedthe development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigatedresearch into the method of their manufacture。 From the Middle East the Chineseacquired a blue pigment—a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at thattime in China—that contained only a low level of manganese。 Cobalt ores found inChina have a high manganese content， which produces a more muted blue-graycolor。 In the seventeenth century， the trading activities of the Dutch EastIndia Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chinese porcelain beingbrought to Europe， which stimulated and influenced the work of a wide variety ofwares， notably Delft。 The Chinese themselves adapted many specific vessel formsfrom the West， such as bottles with long spouts， and designed a range ofdecorative patterns especially for the European market。

　　(TPO10-Chinese Pottery)

　　Look at the four squares []that indicate where the following sentencecould be added to the passage。

　　Foreign trade was also responsible for certain innovations in coloring。

　　Where could the sentence best fit?

　　在上題中，咱們發明，插入句的“certain innovations in coloring”與原文中的“the Chinese acquired ablue pigment”句意舉行了反復，明顯，插入句說的更歸納綜合，規模更大，以是依據從大到小的原則，應當選取第二個。