托福閱讀備考之100個必懂短語

　　托福瀏覽對付門生的才能請求比擬高，眾人要在60分鐘的時光裏讀完三篇學術文章並答復背面的題目。為了贊助眾人備考，小編網絡了托福瀏覽中必需要會的100個短語/詞組，願望眾人可以賣力影象。

　　1. a couple of 兩三個，幾個

　　Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later.

　　2. account for 說明

　　Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance.

　　3. adapt to 使順應於

　　They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.

　　4, adorn with sth 用…裝潢

　　Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.

　　5.appeal to 吸引

　　Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults

　　6.apply to 實用於

　　Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the 1960’s.

　　7.at best 充其量，至多

　　Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits.

　　8.at intervals 相隔必定間隔

　　However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.

　　9.at the expense of sth 在傷害…的情形下

　　A multitude of microorganisms make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.

　　10.at the height of sth 在…最壯盛時代

　　The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.

　　11.back and forth 往返地

　　They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly.

　　12.be absent from 缺席，不在

　　Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women line were not considered an important force in history.

　　13.be capable of 能…的

　　Many animals are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools.

　　14. be characterized by 以…為特點

　　The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement, the brain.

　　15.be composed of 由…構成

　　Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.

　　16.be concerned with 與某事物有關

　　Ethnology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history.

　　17.be distinct from 與…分歧

　　Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets

　　18.be essential to 對…弗成缺乏

　　Public performance is essential to verbal art.

　　19.be exposed to 使打仗，使遭遇

　　Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air.

　　20.be far from 離…很遠，基本不是

　　But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration.

　　21. be hostile to 極不友愛的，極討厭的

　　Ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans

　　22.be regarded as 被以為是

　　Humanity's primal efforts to systematize the concepts of size, shapes, and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics.

　　23.be related to 與…有關的，相接洽的

　　Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?

　　24. be responsible for 對…賣力

　　In fact, nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce.

　　25. be sensitive to 對…敏感的

　　Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals.

　　26.be subjected to 閱歷，遭遇

　　Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures, transforming it into petroleum.

　　27. be superior to 優勝於

　　Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

　　28 .be traced to 找出本源

　　The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

　　29. be/become aware of 意想到，熟悉到

　　People became aware of the new service by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements.

　　30. be/become/get accustomed to 習氣於

　　In the harsh environment of northern Europe, Scandinavian women had been accustomed to practicing forms of shifting cultivation, and they immediately understood Native American horticulture.

　　31. be/become/get involved in 與…有聯系關系的

　　Two distinct processes are involved in molting.

　　32.benefit from 從…中受益

　　Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.

　　33.break down 分化

　　All of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually become clay.

　　34.by far 到今朝為止

　　Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils.

　　35.by means of 經由過程，憑仗

　　The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of Adividing the discussion into two major areas.

　　36.by virtue of 因為

　　Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics

　　37.confine to 限定在必定規模以內

　　The delivery service was at first confined to cities.

　　38.conform to 相符

　　Parks should be designed to conform to the topography of the area

　　39.contribute to 有進獻，有助於

　　Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.

　　40.cope with 對於

　　Under certain circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric pressure.

　　41.date back to 始於

　　In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.

　　42. depend on 依附

　　The gulls depend on the falcons for protection.

　　43. deprive sb/sth of sth 褫奪..某事物

　　Plant stems die when deprived of water.

　　44.derive from 得到，來源於

　　Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input.

　　45.due to 因為，由於

　　Due to their dense structure, iron meteorites have the best chance of surviving an impact, and most are found by farmers plowing their fields.

　　46. evolve from/out of 從...進化來，從…成長來

　　The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.

　　47.extract from 提取

　　It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath.

　　48.feed on 以…為食品

　　Predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals.

　　49.focus on 會合(留意力)於

　　They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.

　　50. get rid of 處置掉

　　Atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention.

　　51.give access to 向…開放

　　To connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.

　　52.give birth to 使出生，引發

　　Most insects lay eggs, but some give birth to live young.

　　53.give off 發散，發出

　　If Jupiter were larger, it would give off much less heat.

　　54.give rise to 引發，致使

　　The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.

　　55.go beyond 跨越，超出

　　An interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons.

　　56.go out of business 休業，關門

　　The shop went out of business.

　　57.have nothing to do with 與…無關

　　A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt.

　　58.impart to 教授給

　　They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders impart tribal lore to the younger generation.

　　59.impose on 強加於

　　New regulations were imposed on nontraditional education.

　　60.in common 配合

　　No two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common.

　　61.in favor of 贊成，支撐

　　The artist was in favor of a traditional style of painting.

　　62.in quantity 大批，大量

　　There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means.

　　63.in season 當季

　　Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.

　　64.in spite of 只管，聽憑

　　In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panel paintings have survived.

　　65.in the absence of 在缺少…的情形下

　　The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities.

　　66.in view of 因為

　　In view of the rate at which the radio sources emit energy, they should disappear in a few million years.

　　67.instead of 取代

　　Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves.

　　68.invest in 投資

　　He started to invest in the town’s cultural development.

　　69.lead to 致使，引發

　　In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation.

　　70.leave out 消除

　　Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered.

　　71.off the mark 不準確

　　This analogy is not far off the mark.

　　72.on behalf of 代表

　　Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.

　　73. on the basis of 在…的基本上

　　Antoine Lavisher, on the basis of careful experimentation, was led to propose a different theory of burning

　　74.owing to 因為，由於

　　Marine sediment is by far the most important environment for the preservation of fossils, owing to the incredible richness of marine life.

　　75.perceive sth as sth 以為

　　Although art deco in its many forms was largely perceived as thoroughly modern, it was strongly influenced by the decorative arts movements that immediately preceded it.

　　76.pick up 學會

　　Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues.

　　77.put off 推延

　　Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time.

　　78.regardless of 掉臂

　　Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation.

　　79.result from 因..而發生

　　Most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding.

　　80.result in 成果，致使

　　The upward movement of fieldstones should result in pure soil.

　　81.set about 開端，著手

　　African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States.

　　82. set aside 留下未來用

　　Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.

　　83.so far 到今朝為止

　　The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far.

　　84.sort out 把…分類

　　Clay particles are sorted out by size and weight.

　　85.spring up 出現

　　In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline.

　　86.stem from 來源於

　　It can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation.

　　87.stretch out 舒展，伸出

　　The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.

　　88.strive for 為…而斗爭

　　As they began to strive for social and cultural independence，their attitudes toward themselves changed.

　　89.take account of sth./take sth into account 斟酌到

　　Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.

　　90.take advantage of 應用

　　Many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.

　　91.thanks to 因為

　　kiwis smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their beaks.

　　92.to some extent 某種水平上

　　Their attitudes toward themselves changed, and, to some extent, other segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them.

　　93.turn out 成果是，證實是

　　Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic.

　　94.usher in 宣布…的光降

　　Autumn could be ushered in by severe frost.

　　95. wear away 磨損

　　Natural forces wear away the Earth's crust

　　96.wipe out 祛除，清除

　　Entire crops can be wiped out by fungal attacks both before and after harvesting.

　　97.with respect to 在…方面

　　The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting.

　　98. with the advent of 跟著…的湧現

　　With the advent of high-resolution radio interferometers during the late 1970's, part of the answer became clear.

　　99.with the aid of 借助於

　　It is now taught with the aid of computers.

　　100.with the exception of 除..之外

　　With the exception of printing patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of these are based on dyeing; that is, the immersion of the fabric in a dye bath.

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