如何運用托福綜合寫作筆記法記錄聽力內容

　　托福測驗的寫作部門分為綜合寫作和自力寫作兩部門：

　　個中多半考生比擬熟習的自力寫作部門須要考生依據標題請求表達本身的概念，分論點論述並供給左證的論據;

　　而綜合寫作則包含瀏覽部門、聽力部門和末了須要完成的寫作部門。綜合寫作不請求門生表達本身的概念，考生們只須要綜合所讀和所聽內容，準確陳說二者幹系並給出具體例證便可。是以，綜合寫作須要懂得瀏覽和聽力資料內容和幹系，這時候就須要條記的幫助。

　　綜合寫作中，瀏覽和聽力資料一樣平常有兩種幹系，即聽力資料和瀏覽資料概念同等或相反：

　　當聽力資料和瀏覽資料概念同等時，寫作中須要總結聽力要點並詳細說明它們如何支撐瀏覽文章或是如何增強瀏覽文章內裏的詳細要點的;

　　當二者相反時，寫作中須要說明它們如何對瀏覽文章中的詳細要點提出質疑、駁倒或詳細說明它們如何答復瀏覽文章中提出的題目。

　　瀏覽部門的構造通常是：宗旨——依據1(例證1)——依據2(例證2)——依據3(例證3)。在瀏覽時，考生可以依據這一構造舉行簡略記載。記載時，考生沒必要記載詳細細節，防止繕寫文章句子，而須要弄清宗旨和論點分離是甚麽。

　　因為聽力部門是針對瀏覽部門舉行陳說的，是以，瀏覽條記可以或許贊助咱們預判聽力中大概湧現的內容。在聽力過程當中，起首考生們須要肯定聽力是對瀏覽部門的支撐照樣否決，再依據瀏覽條記逐一對應記載聽力內容。

　　聽力條記須要包含措辭者的概念、論點及例證。考生須要多留意表現銜接幹系的詞語以便分清論點和論據和論點間的轉換，也能夠應用本身熟習的標記贊助快速記載。

　　下面就以詳細標題為例來看看若何記載瀏覽和聽力部門的內容。Altruism is a type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.Examples of altruism abound, both among humans and among other mammals.Unselfish acts among human beings range from the sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members，and even to strangers. Such acts are altruistic in that they benefit another，yet provide little reward to the one performing the act.In fact, many species of animals appear willing to sacrifice food, or even their life to assist other members of their group.The meerkat, which is a mammal that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa，is often cited as an example.In groups of meerkats，an individual acts as a sentinel, standing guard and looking out for predators while the others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained.If the sentinel meerkat sees a predator such as a hawk approaching the group，it gives an alarm cry alerting the other meerkats to run and seek shelter.By standing guard，the sentinel meerkat gains nothing--it goes without food while the others eat，and it places itself in grave danger. After it issues an alarm it has to flee alone, which might make it more at risk to a predator，since animals in groups are often able to work together to fend off a predator.So the altruistic sentinel behavior helps ensure the survival of other members of the meerkat’s group. 整篇文章用事例解釋了人和動物中存在所謂的“altruism”。第一段：altruism的界說第二段：altruism in humans：share food, donate body organs, little reward第三段：altruism in animals：sentinel， goes without food;sentinel， grave danger---flee alone

　　You know，often in science，new findings force us to re-examine earlier beliefs and assumptions.And a recent study of meerkats is having exactly this effect.The study examined the meerkat’s behavior quite closely，much more closely than had ever been done before.And some interesting things were found...like about eating habits.. it showed that typically meerkats eat before they stand guard---so the ones standing guard had a full stomach! And the study also found that since the sentinel is the first to see a predator coming，it’s the most likely to escape…because it often stands guard near a burrow，so it can run immediately into the burrow after giving the alarm.The other meerkats，the ones scattered about looking for food，are actually in greater danger.And in fact, other studies have suggested that when an animal creates an alarm, the alarm call might cause the other group members either to gather together or else to move about very quickly, behaviors that might actually draw the predator’s attention away from the caller, increasing that animal's own chances of survival.And what about people--what about some human acts that might be considered altruistic? Let's take an extreme case，uh，suppose a person donates a kidney to a relative, or even to a complete stranger.A selfless act，right? But…doesn’t the donor receive appreciation and approval from the stranger and from society? Doesn't the donor gain an increased sense of self worth? Couldn’t such non-material rewards be considered very valuable to some people?聽力條記以下所示：sentinel: eat before, full stomachsentinel: first to see a predator---most likely to escape，near a burrow---run into itothers scattered--looking for food-- greater danger，move---draw predator's attention

　　people: appreciation and approval, sense of self worth----non-material rewards---valuable.

　　以上便是本日小編為眾人分享的若何應用托福綜合寫作條記法記載聽力內容，願望對加入托福測驗的考生有所贊助。點擊本頁面的咨詢窗口，會有咱們的專門的先生為你答疑。想要懂得有關2016托福測驗時光、2016托福考點、托福考位、托福機經等信息和想要加入托福測驗培訓考生請選取留學。末了，小編祝眾人出國留學之路順順遂利!更多出色內容盡在留學托福測驗頻道。