美國《紐約時報》是是美國嚴正報刊的代表，歷久以來具有優越的公信力和威望性著稱，1913年正式在美國出書刊行，其消息涵蓋社會多個方面，傍邊文章更是席卷了豐碩的辭匯。以是可以經由過程瀏覽《紐約時報》來豐碩本身的辭匯量，從而更好地進備考。下面是小編推舉GRE瀏覽材料之夢鄉可以表示滅亡嗎。
A New Vision for Dreams of the Dying
夢鄉與幻覺或允許以預示滅亡降至?
One evening in the late fall, Lucien Majors, 84, sat at his kitchen table, his wife Jan by his side, as he described a recent dream.
一個暮秋的晚上，84歲的呂西安·梅傑斯(Lucien Majors)坐在廚房的桌子旁，他的老婆簡(Jan)陪在他的身旁，聽他報告比來做的一個夢。
Mr. Majors had end-stage bladder cancer and was in renal failure. As he spoke with a doctor from Hospice Buffalo , he was alert but faltering.
梅傑斯得了終末期膀胱癌，並發腎功效衰竭。在他與美國水牛城臨終關心中間(Hospice Buffalo)的大夫攀談時，他顯得思惟迅速，措辭卻含曖昧糊。
In the dream, he said, he was in his car with his great pal, Carmen. His three sons, teenagers, were in the back seat, joking around.
他說，他夢見本身駕車出行，好同夥卡門(Carmen)和他同車，三個兒子照樣十幾歲的模樣，在後座上又笑又鬧。
“We’re driving down Clinton Street,” said Mr. Majors, his watery, pale blue eyes widening with delight at the thought of the road trip.
“咱們沿著克林頓街往前開，”梅傑斯說，一回憶起那次夢中的旅遊，他那水汪汪的淡藍色眼睛裏就充斥了高興。
“We were looking for the Grand Canyon.” And then they saw it. “We talked about how amazing, because there it was — all this time, the Grand Canyon was just at the end of Clinton Street!”
“咱們在找大峽谷(Grand Canyon)。”接著他們就看到了它。“咱們都說這太奇異了，由於它就在那邊——大峽谷竟然就在克林頓街的止境!“
Mr. Majors had not spoken with Carmen in more than 20 years. His sons are in their late 50s and early 60s.
究竟上，梅傑斯有20多年沒跟卡門說過話了。他的兒子們也都已60歲左右。
“Why do you think your boys were in the car?” asked Dr. Christopher W. Kerr, a Hospice Buffalo palliative care physician who researches the therapeutic role of patients’ end-of-life dreams and visions.
水牛城臨終關心中間的遷就醫治大夫克裏斯托弗·W·克爾(Christopher W. Kerr)博士一向在研討患者臨終的夢鄉和幻象有何醫治感化。他問梅傑斯：“你為何會認為你的兒子們也在車上?”
“My sons are the greatest accomplishment of my life,” Mr. Majors said.
梅傑斯答復說：“由於兒子是我平生最大的造詣。”
He died three weeks later.
三周以後，梅傑斯分開了人間。
For thousands of years, the dreams and visions of the dying have captivated cultures, which imbued them with sacred import. Anthropologists, theologians and sociologists have studied these so-called deathbed phenomena. They appear in medieval writings and Renaissance paintings, in Shakespearean works and set pieces from 19th-century American and British novels, particularly by Dickens. One of the most famous moments in film is the mysterious deathbed murmur in “Citizen Kane”: “Rosebud!”
千百年來，各類文化都為臨終前的夢鄉和幻象入神，並付與它們神聖的意義。人類學家、神學家和社會學家都在研討這些“臨終征象”。它們在中世紀的著述、文藝中興時代的繪畫和莎士比亞的作品中都有湧現，更成了19世紀的美國和英國小說，特別是狄更斯(Dickens)作品中的牢固套路。在片子《國民凱恩》(Citizen Kane)中也有如許的一個有名橋段——主角臨終前秘密地低語：“玫瑰花蕾!”
Even the law reveres a dying person’s final words, allowing them to be admitted as evidence in an unusual exception to hearsay rules.
乃至連司法也尊敬病篤之人的遺囑，允許它們作為風聞證據禁用規矩(hearsay rules)外的特例被回收為證據。
In the modern medical world, such experiences have been noted by psychologists, social workers and nurses. But doctors tend to give them a wide berth because “we don’t know what the hell they are,” said Dr. Timothy E. Quill, an expert on palliative care medicine at the University of Rochester Medical Center. Some researchers have surmised that patients and doctors avoid reporting these phenomena for fear of ridicule.
在當代醫學界，生理學家、社會事情者和護士也都留意到了患者的此類感受。但大夫們偏向於拒之於千裏以外，由於“咱們不曉得這究竟是怎樣一回事”,羅切斯特大學醫學中間(University of Rochester Medical Center)的遷就醫療專家蒂莫西·E·奎爾(Timothy E. Quill)博士說。有研討職員推想，因為畏懼受到譏笑，患者和大夫們都不肯意申報這些征象。
Now a team of clinicians and researchers led by Dr. Kerr at Hospice Buffalo, an internist who has a doctorate in neurobiology, are seeking to demystify these experiences and understand their role and importance in supporting “a good death” — for the patient and the bereaved.
如今，水牛城臨終關心中間的克爾博士(他也是一名具有神經生物學博士學位的內科醫師)引導著一個由臨床大夫和研討職員構成的團隊，試圖破解這些秘密的履歷，懂得它們在“善終”過程當中對患者及其家眷的支撐感化和主要意義。
These events are distinct from “near-death experiences,” such as those recalled by people revived in intensive care units, said Pei C. Grant, the director of the research team. “These are people on a journey towards death, not people who just missed it.”
這種履歷與重癥監護病房患者回想起來的“瀕死感受”不是一碼事，該研討團隊的賣力人佩·C·格朗(Pei C. Grant)說。“這些人是在一步步走向滅亡，而不是方才虎口余生。”
Hospice Buffalo, in Cheektowaga, N.Y., cares for 5,000 patients a year, mostly with visits to private homes and nursing facilities. After doctors, nurses, social workers or chaplains ask patients, “How have you been sleeping?” they often follow up with, “Can you recall any dreams?”
水牛城臨終關心中間處於紐約州的奇克托瓦加(Cheektowaga)，這裏每一年可關照約莫5000名患者，大部門情形下，中間會派醫護職員前去患者家庭和照顧護士機構供給辦事。大夫、護士、社會事情者或牧師在問過患者“你睡得怎樣?”以後，每每會接著問：“你記不記得本身做過甚麽夢?”
I was laying in bed and people were walking very slowly by me. The right-hand side I didn’t know, but they were all very friendly and they touched my arm and my hand as they went by. But the other side were people that I knew — my mom and dad were there, my uncle. Everybody I knew that was dead was there. The only thing was, my husband wasn’t there, nor was my dog, and I knew that I would be seeing them. — Jeanne Faber, 75, months before her death from ovarian cancer.
我躺在床上，人們逐步從我身旁走過。右側的人我不熟悉，但他們都異常和睦，在經由我閣下的時刻還摸摸我的胳膊和手。左手邊的人是我熟悉的：我的怙恃和叔叔，只是他們早已不在人間了。獨一的遺憾是，我丈夫和我家的狗不在那邊，不外我曉得今後會面到他們的。——75歲的珍妮·費伯(Jeanne Faber)在因卵巢癌逝世前幾個月做的夢。
For their primary study, published in The Journal of Palliative Medicine, the researchers conducted multiple interviews with 59 terminally ill patients admitted to acute care at Hospice Buffalo, a facility furnished in warm woods, with windows that frame views of fountains, gazebos and gardens. Nearly all the patients reported having had dreams or visions. They described the majority of their dreams as comforting. About one in every five was associated with distress, and the remainder felt neutral.
研討職員將其開端研討揭櫫在《遷就醫學雜誌》(The Journal of Palliative Medicine)上。在這項研討中，他們對水牛城臨終關心中間收治的59名絕癥患者舉行了屢次訪談;這裏設備了暖色調的木柴，窗外可以看到噴泉、涼亭和花圃。險些全部的患者都申報本身曾做過夢或湧現過幻象。他們稱大部門夢鄉都讓他們覺得欣慰，約五分之一令他們苦楚，別的的則欠好不壞。
The dreams and visions loosely sorted into categories: opportunities to engage with the deceased; loved ones “waiting;” unfinished business. Themes of love, given or withheld, coursed through the dreams, as did the need for resolution and even forgiveness. In their dreams, patients were reassured that they had been good parents, children and workers. They packed boxes, preparing for journeys, and, like Mr. Majors, often traveled with dear companions as guides. Although many patients said they rarely remembered their dreams, these they could not forget.
臨終的夢鄉和幻象大抵可以分為如下幾大類：與逝者的重聚;親人“在期待”;未竟的奇跡等等。愛這個主題——不管是賜與與照樣不賜與——和對決定甚至饒恕的渴求，貫串夢鄉。患者每每在夢鄉中獲得承認，被表彰為精彩的怙恃、後代和員工，並是以而覺得快慰。在夢中，他們辦理行裝，預備出行，並且，像梅傑斯同樣，每每有密切的火伴同業領導。固然許多患者表現他們根本上記不住本身做過的夢，但諸如斯類的夢他們卻不會忘記。
A 76-year-old patient said he dreamed of his mother, who died when he was a child. He could smell her perfume and hear her soothing voice saying, “I love you.”
一名76歲的患者說本身夢見了早在本身童年時期就已逝世的母親。他聞到了她身上的香水味，聽到她那充斥安慰的聲音說：“我愛你。”
An older woman cradled an invisible infant as she lay in bed. (Her husband told researchers it was the couple’s first child, who had been stillborn.)
一個年紀更大的老太婆躺在床上，姿態猶如度量著肉眼弗成見的嬰兒(她的丈夫告知研討職員，誰人理想中的嬰兒應當是他們胎死腹中的第一個孩子)。
Nine days before she died, a 54-year-old woman dreamed of a childhood friend who had caused her great pain decades earlier. The friend, who had since died, appeared as an old man and said, “Sorry, you’re a good person,” and “If you need help, just call my name.”
一位54歲的主婦在逝世前9天夢見了兒時的火伴。數十年前，他的早逝給她帶來了偉大的苦楚。此次在她的夢裏，他以一個白叟的樣子容貌湧現，還對她說：“我很遺憾。你是個大好人。”還說，“假如你須要贊助，只要召喚我的名字就好。”
This is certainly research in its infancy. The investigators, counselors and palliative care doctors, are trying to identify and describe the phenomena. Dr. Quill said he believed the studies would help make these experiences more accessible to skeptical doctors.
固然，這項研討尚位於起步階段。查詢拜訪職員、咨詢參謀和遷就醫治大夫仍在試圖辨認並描寫該征象。奎爾博士說，他信任，這些研討將會贊助持疑惑立場的大夫更好地懂得患者的此類履歷。
“The huge challenge of this work is to help patients feel more normal and less alone during this unusual experience of dying,” he said. “The more we can articulate that people do have vivid dreams and visions, the more we can be helpful.”
“這項事情所面對的偉大挑釁是，咱們須要贊助患者在慢慢走向滅亡這類不平常的過程中感到改正常，減輕他們的孤單感，”他說。“人在臨終時確切有著活潑的夢鄉和幻象。這一點咱們轉達得越清晰，對患者的贊助就越大。”
Other research suggests that dreams seem to express emotions that have been building. Tore Nielsen, a dream neuroscience researcher and director of the Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, at the University of Montreal, surmised that at the end of life, such a need becomes more insistent. Troubled dreams erupt with excessive energy. But positive dreams can serve a similar purpose.
其他的一些研討註解，夢鄉是對積累情感的一種表達。加拿大蒙特利爾大學(University of Montreal)夢鄉與夢魘研討試驗室(Dream and Nightmare Laboratory)主任、夢鄉神經體系科學研討員托雷·尼爾森(Tore Nielsen)推想，人在走到性命止境時，用做夢發泄情緒的需求變得更加急切。患者經由過程惡夢來宣泄多余的精神。不外，踴躍的夢鄉也能夠起到相似的感化。
“The motivation and pressure for these dreams is coming from a place of fear and uncertainty,” he said. “The dreamers are literally helping themselves out of a tough spot.”
“患者之以是會做這類夢，出自他們的恐怖和不肯定，”他說。“現實上，他們是在經由過程做夢這類方法贊助本身走出逆境。”
In the weeks and days before death, the dreams of the patients in the study tended to occur with greater frequency, populated with the dead rather than the living. The researchers suggest that such phenomena might even have prognostic value.
這項研討中的患者在離世前幾周或幾天內做夢每每加倍頻仍，且夢鄉中故去者要多於在世的人。研討職員以為，這類征象乃至大概具備必定的猜測代價。
“I was an aggressive physician, always asking, ‘Is there more we can do?’ ” said Dr. Kerr, who is also the chief medical officer for Hospice Buffalo. “There was a patient who I thought needed to be rehydrated, and we could buy him some time.” But, he said, a nurse, familiar with the patient’s dreams, cautioned: “‘You don’t get it. He is seeing his dead mother.’ He died two days later.”
“我是一個有朝上進步心的大夫，我老是問本身：‘咱們是否是還可以再做些甚麽?’”克爾博士說道;他也是水牛城臨終關心中間的首席醫療官。“曾有一位患者，我以為他須要接收再水化醫治，如許可讓他多活些光陰。”然則，一名熟習患者夢鄉的護士申飭他說：“你不明確。他夢見了本身死去的母親。”“兩天後，那名患者逝世了。”他說。
Certainly, many dying patients cannot communicate. Or they recount typical dream detritus: a dwarf lifting the refrigerator, neighbors bringing a chicken and a monkey into the patient’s apartment. And some patients, to their disappointment, do not remember their dreams.
固然，有很多彌留的患者損失了與人交換的才能，大概他們只能回想起夢鄉中的細枝小節：侏儒擡著冰箱;鄰人把一只雞和一只山公帶進患者的公寓甚麽的。另有患者懊喪地表現本身記不起做了甚麽夢。
Dr. Kerr, who recently gave a talk at TEDxBuffalo about the research, said he was simply advocating that health care providers ask patients open-ended questions about dreams, without fear of recrimination from family and colleagues.
克爾博士比來在TEDxBuffalo就這項研討揭櫫了演講，他說本身只是倡導醫務職員用開放式的題目來訊問患者的夢鄉，無需擔憂會招致患者家眷和同事的責備。
“Often when we sedate them, we are sterilizing them from their own dying process,” he said. “I have done it, and it feels horrible. They’ll say, ‘You robbed me — I was with my wife.’”
“咱們經常會給他們應用沉著劑，使他們走得鎮靜，”他說。“我幹過這類事，感到很糟。患者們會說：‘你們打攪了我——我原來正在夢中和老婆相會呢。’”
While the patient was lying in bed, her mother by her side, she had a vision: She saw her mother’s best friend, Mary, who died of leukemia years ago, in her mother’s bedroom, playing with the curtains. Mary’s hair was long again. “I had a feeling she was coming to say, ‘You’re going to be O.K.’ I felt relief and happiness and I wasn’t afraid of it at all.” — Jessica Stone, 13, who had Ewing’s sarcoma, a type of bone cancer, a few months before she died.
有一位患者在母親陪在她床邊的時刻湧現了幻象：她看到了她母親最佳的同夥，多年前死於白血病的瑪麗在她母親的寢室玩弄著窗簾。瑪麗的頭發又長長了。“我有一種感到，她來是想對我說：‘沒緊要，統統都邑好起來的。’我覺得快慰和幸福，不再畏懼了。”——身患尤文氏贅瘤(一種骨癌)的13歲女孩傑西卡·斯通(Jessica Stone)在逝世幾個月前報告。
Many in hospice suffer from delirium, which can affect up to 85 percent of hospitalized patients at the end of life. In a delirious state, brought on by fever, brain metastases or end-stage changes in body chemistry, circadian rhythms are severely disordered, so the patient may not know whether he is awake or dreaming. Cognition is altered.
臨終關心中間的很多患者都得了譫妄(delirium)，抱病率在住院的臨終患者中可高達85%。發燒、腫瘤的腦轉移某人體在彌留時的化學變更致使患者神態不清，這類狀況下他們的日夜節律緊張雜亂，是以極可能搞不清晰本身到底是醒著照樣在做夢，認知功效也遭到了影響。
Those who care for the terminally ill are inclined to see end-of-life dreams as manifestations of delirium. But the Hospice Buffalo researchers say that while some study patients slipped in and out of delirium, their end-of-life dreams were not, by definition, the product of such a state. Delirious patients generally cannot engage with others or give a coherent, organized narrative. The hallucinations they are able to describe may be traumatizing, not comforting.
照料絕癥患者的人偏向於將臨終的夢鄉視作譫妄的表示。但水牛城臨終關心中間的研討職員表現，固然介入研討的患者時時時地墮入譫妄，但根據界說來看，臨終的夢鄉並不是這類狀況的產品。神態不清的患者一樣平常沒法與別人互動或舉行聯貫的、有層次的陳說。他們能描寫出來的只有那些給他們帶來損害和不適的幻覺，而安寧安適的那類則不可。
Yet the question remains of what to make of these patients’ claims of “dreaming while awake,” or having “visions” — and the not-uncommon phenomena of seeing deceased relatives or friends hovering on the ceiling or in corners.
但是，題目是：這些患者“做白天夢”或湧現“幻象”，“看到已故親朋在天花板或角落仿徨”等這種非常征象，其本源畢竟在那邊。
Donna Brennan, a longtime nurse with Hospice Buffalo, recalled chatting on the couch with a 92-year-old patient with congestive heart failure. Suddenly, the patient looked over at the door and called out, “Just a minute, I’m speaking with the nurse.”
唐娜·布倫南(Donna Brennan)是水牛城臨終關心中間的一位老護士了，她回想起與一位92歲的充血性心力弱竭患者在沙發上談天的情況：忽然之間，患者朝門口看了一眼，喊道，“稍等一下，我在跟護士發言呢。”
Told that no one was there, the patient smiled, saying it was Aunt Janiece (her dead sister) and patted a couch cushion, showing “the visitor” where to sit. Then the patient cheerfully turned back to Mrs. Brennan and finished her conversation.
在被告訴那邊沒有人後，患者暴露了微笑，說來者是詹妮斯姨媽(Aunt Janiece，她已故的姊姊)，還拍拍沙發坐墊，表示“訪客”坐下。然後樂和和地轉轉身來持續跟布倫南發言。
In her notes, Mrs. Brennan described the episode as a “hallucination,” a red flag for delirium. When the episode was recounted to Dr. Kerr and Anne Banas, a Hospice Buffalo neurologist and palliative care physician, they preferred the term “vision.”
布倫南在記載中將此事稱為“幻覺(hallucination)”，這是譫妄的一個警示旌旗燈號。而當克爾博士和水牛城臨終關心中間的神經學家、遷就醫治大夫安妮·巴納斯(Anne Banas)聽到這段論述時，他們更傾向於應用“幻象(vision)”一詞。
“Is there meaning to the vision or is it disorganized?” Dr. Banas asked. “If there is meaning, does that need to be explored? Does it bring comfort or is it distressing? We have a responsibility to ask that next question. It can be cathartic, and patients often need to share. And if we don’t ask, look what we may miss.”
“這些幻象是別故意義照樣亂七八糟?”巴納斯博士問道。“假如它們別故意義，那是不是須要深刻商量?咱們有義務進一步追問：它們是使人舒心照樣憂??臨終的幻象大概充斥了情感發泄，患者平日須要有人和他們一同分管。如果咱們漠不關心，咱們生怕會錯過甚麽!”
Dr. William Breitbart, chairman of the psychiatry department at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, who has written about delirium and palliative care, said that a team’s response must also consider bedside caregivers: “These dreams or visions can be interpreted by family members as comforting, linking them to the legacy of their ancestry.
美國懷念斯隆-凱特琳癌癥中間(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)的精力科主任威廉·布賴特巴特(William Breitbart)博士曾撰寫過關於譫妄和遷就醫治的申報，他表現，醫護團隊在事情時必需將床邊照護者也斟酌在內：“家眷們大概會將這些夢鄉和幻象解讀為一種撫慰，將它們視作與先人相接洽的紐帶。
“But if people don’t believe that, they can be distressed. ‘My mother is hallucinating and seeing dead people. Do something about it!’” Dr. Breitbart trains staff to respect the families’ beliefs and help them understand the complexities of delirium.
“然則，假如人們不信任這些，就大概是以而憂?。“我的母親發生了幻覺，總是看到死去的人。快做點甚麽來轉變這類狀態!’”布賴特巴特博士練習事情職員尊敬家眷的看法，並贊助他們懂得譫妄的龐雜性。
Some dream episodes occur during what is known as “mixed-state sleep” — when the boundaries between wakefulness and sleep become fragmented, said Dr. Carlos H. Schenck, a psychiatrist and sleep expert at the University of Minnesota Medical School. Jessica Stone, the teenager with Ewing’s sarcoma, spoke movingly about a dream of her dead dog, Shadow. When she awoke, she said, she saw his long, dark shape alongside her bed.
美國明尼蘇達大學醫學院(University of Minnesota Medical School)的神經病學家、就寢專家卡洛斯·H·申克(Carlos H. Schenck)博士說，某些夢產生在所謂的“混雜就寢”，也便是俗語說的半睡半醒狀況下。身患尤文氏贅瘤的女傑西卡·斯通生前曾動情地報告她夢見了本身死去的愛犬——影子(Shadow)。她還說，本身醒過來的時刻，看到它細長的深色身影就在她的床邊。
Dr. Banas, the neurologist, favors the phrase end-of-life experiences. “I try to normalize it for the family, because how they perceive it can push them away from that bedside or bring them closer,” she said.
神經學家巴納斯博士更愛好稱其為“臨終感受”。她說：“我試著讓患者的家眷視其為一種正常的征象，由於他們對此的意見可以令他們與患者的幹系變得疏離大概密切。”
The patient had never really talked about the war. But in his final dreams, the stories emerged. In the first, the bloody dying were everywhere. On Omaha Beach, at Normandy. In the waves. He was a 17-year-old gunner on a rescue boat, trying frantically to bring them back to the U.S.S. Texas. “There is nothing but death and dead soldiers all around me,” he said. In another, a dead soldier told him, “They are going to come get you next week.” Finally, he dreamed of getting his discharge papers, which he described as “comforting.” He died in his sleep two days later. — John, 88, who had lymphoma.
有一位患者，以前從未怎樣談及過戰斗。但在他性命末了的夢鄉中，那些故事浮出了水面。第一個夢裏，他夢見隨處都是血淋淋的瀕死的兵士。那是諾曼底的奧馬哈海灘，波瀾拍岸。昔時才17歲的他是救濟艇上的射擊手，他們冒死地想把傷員們挽救出來，送回得克薩斯號戰艦(U.S.S.Texas)上。“我的四周除滅亡和死去的大兵以外，空空如也，”他說。在另外一個夢裏，一位死去的兵士對他說：“他們下周會來接你。”末了，他夢見本身拿到了退伍證書，他說這讓本身“松了一口吻”。兩天後，患者在睡夢中分開了人間。——他的名字是約翰(John)，88歲，得了淋巴瘤。
Not all end-of-life dreams soothe the dying. Researchers found that about 20 percent were upsetting. Often, those who had suffered trauma might revisit it in their dying dreams. Some can resolve those experiences. Some cannot.
並不是全部的臨終夢鄉都能給瀕死之人帶來安慰。研討職員發明，約20%的夢使人愁悶。平日情形下，曾遭遇過創傷的人極可能會在臨終的夢鄉中再度領會到那些傷痛。有些人可以泰然處之，不會為之所困擾。有些人則做不到。
When should doctors intervene with antipsychotic or anti-anxiety medication, to best allow the patient a peaceful death? For the Hospice Buffalo physicians, the decision is made with a team assessment that includes input from family members.
大夫應當在什麽時候采取抗神經病藥物或抗焦炙藥物等手腕舉行幹涉，從而盡量地令患者在鎮靜寧靜中度過人生的末了時間呢?水牛城臨終關心中間的大夫們以為，這類決接應經由過程團隊評估來殺青，包含患者家眷供給的信息。
Dr. Kerr said: “Children will see their parents in an altered state and think they’re suffering and fighting their dying. But if you say: ‘She’s talking about dead people, and that’s normal. I’ll bet you can learn a lot about her and your family,’ you may see the relative calming down and taking notes.”
克爾博士說：“後代們發明怙恃位於非常的精力狀況下，會認為他們是在苦楚地與滅亡抗爭。但若這時候你告知他們：‘她是在與故去的人攀談，這很正常。我敢賭博你能從中懂得到許多關於她和你的家庭的工作，’說不定家眷們就會逐步鎮靜下來，還會做記載。”
Without receiving sufficient information from the family, a team may not know how to read the patient’s agitation. One patient seemed tormented by nightmares. The Hospice Buffalo team interviewed family members, who reluctantly disclosed that the woman had been sexually abused as a girl. The family was horrified that she was reliving these memories in her dying days.
假如不克不及從患者的家人那邊得到充足的信息，團隊大概就無從解讀患者煩躁不安的本源。有一位患者一向惡夢纏身。水牛城臨終關心中間的團隊約見了他的支屬，他不寧願地泄漏，患者在女時期曾遭遇過性侵。她在臨終之際又一次墮入了這些影象，令她的家人驚恐不已。
Armed with this information, the team chose to administer anti-anxiety medication, rather than just antipsychotics. The woman relaxed and was able to have a powerful exchange with a priest. She died during a quiet sleep, several days later.
得到了這一信息，團隊選取給患者應用抗焦炙藥物醫治，而非單用抗神經病藥物。這名患者放松了下來，也能夠與牧師舉行有用的交換了。幾天後，她在鎮靜的就寢中去世。
This fall, Mrs. Brennan, the nurse, would check in on a patient with end-stage lung cancer who was a former police officer. He told her that he had “done bad stuff” on the job. He said he had cheated on his wife and was estranged from his children. His dreams are never peaceful, Mrs. Brennan said. “He gets stabbed, shot or can’t breathe. He apologizes to his wife, and she isn’t responding, or she reminds him that he broke her heart. He’s a tortured soul.”
客歲秋日，護士布倫南照顧一位終末期肺癌患者。他曩昔是一位警官。他告知她，他在事情時“幹過壞事”，還說本身曾對老婆不忠，孩子們都冷淡他。他的夢都不屈靜，布倫南說道。“他夢見本身被刀捅、被槍擊大概沒法呼吸。他向太太報歉，但她沒有理睬他，反而提示他是如何傷透了她的心。他的魂魄備受煎熬。”
Some palliative care providers maintain that such dreams are the core of a spiritual experience and should not be tampered with. Dr. Quill, who calls people with such views “hospice romantics,” disagreed.
有些遷就醫治供給者以為，此類夢鄉是患者精力感受的焦點內容，不該該被打攪。奎爾博士不贊成這類概念，稱這些人是“臨終關心浪漫主義者”。
“We should be opening the door with our questions, but not forcing patients through it,” Dr. Quill said. “Our job is witnessing, exploring and lessening their loneliness. If it’s benign and rich with content, let it go. But if it brings up serious old wounds, get real help — a psychologist, a chaplain — because in this area, we physicians don’t know what we’re doing. ”
“咱們應當用發問來打開患者的心門，但弗成以強制他們，”奎爾博士說。“咱們的事情便是見證、摸索並減輕他們的孤單。假如夢鄉內容豐碩且無害，就不消管它。但若它揭開了慘重的舊傷疤，就須要有生理學家或牧師供給確切的贊助——由於咱們這些通俗大夫其實不懂得這個範疇。”
In the first dream, a black spider with small eyes came close to her face. Then it turned into a large black truck with a red flatbed, bearing down on her. Terrified, she forced herself awake. In another dream, she had to pass through her laundry room to get to the kitchen. She glanced down and saw about 50 black spiders crawling on the floor. She was so scared! But when she looked closer, she saw they were ladybugs. She felt so happy! “Ladybugs are nice and I knew they weren’t going to hurt me,” she recounted later. “So I made my way to the kitchen.”— Rosemary Shaffer, 78, two months before she died of colon cancer.
在第一個夢裏，一只長著小眼睛的黑蜘蛛爬近了她的臉。然後，它釀成了後掛一輛赤色平板拖車的玄色大卡車，朝她軋過來。她嚇壞了，驚醒過來。在另外一個夢裏，她必需穿過洗衣房到廚房去。她垂頭一瞥，只見有約莫50只黑蜘蛛在地板上爬。她畏懼極了!然則，等她細看打量，才發明那只是些瓢蟲。她馬上又認為光榮不已!“瓢蟲還好，我曉得它們不會損害我，”她過後回想道。“以是，我順遂地走進了廚房。”——78歲的患者羅斯瑪麗·謝弗(Rosemary Shaffer)在因結腸癌逝世兩個月前的報告。
The Hospice Buffalo researchers have found that these dreams offer comfort not only for the dying, but for their mourners.
水牛城臨終關心中間的研討職員發明，這些夢不但安慰了病篤之人，受益的另有為他們哀思的人。
Kathleen Hutton holds fast to the end-of-life dream journals fastidiously kept by her sister, Mrs. Shaffer, a former elementary schoolteacher and principal. Rosemary Shaffer wrote about spiders and trucks, and then the ladybugs. In one dream, she saw flowers at a funeral home, which reminded her of those her daughter painted on handmade scarves. She felt loved and joyful.
凱瑟琳·赫頓牢牢握著她的姊姊、曾擔負小學西席和校長的謝弗的日誌，她在日誌裏一絲不茍地記載下了本身的臨終夢鄉。羅斯瑪麗·謝弗寫到了蜘蛛和卡車，然後另有瓢蟲。在一個夢裏，她看到了殯儀館裏的鮮花，這讓她想起了女兒在手工領巾上描寫的花朵，令她覺得愛和歡騰。
“I was glad she could talk about dreams with the hospice people,” Ms. Hutton said. “She knew it was her subconscious working through what she was feeling. She was much more at peace.”
“我很愉快她能和臨終關心中間的人提及本身做的夢,”赫頓說。“她曉得這是她的潛意識經由過程她的體驗在起感化。她變得鎮靜多了。”
Knowing that has made her own grief more manageable, said Ms. Hutton, who teared up as she clasped the journals during a visit at the hospice’s family lounge.
在訪問臨終關心中間的家庭歇息室時，赫頓拿著這些日誌，落下淚來，她說本身會好於一些。
Several months ago, Mrs. Brennan, the nurse, sat with a distraught husband, whose wife had pancreatic cancer that had spread to the liver. She had been reporting dreams about work, God and familiar people who had died. The patient thought that she would be welcomed in heaven, she said. That God told her she had been a good wife and mother.
幾個月前，護士布倫南坐在一位悲哀欲絕的丈夫身旁，他的老婆得了胰腺癌，已分散到肝臟。她說本身一向夢見事情、天主和過世的熟人。布倫南說，患者以為本身會在勝地遭到迎接。天主告知她，她是好老婆、也是好母親。
“Her husband was angry at God,” Mrs. Brennan said. “I said: ‘But Ann is not. Her dreams aren’t scary to her at all. They are all about validation.’
“她的丈夫卻很生天主的氣，”布倫南說。“因而我說：‘然則安(Ann)的心中全無憤懣。她的夢鄉一點也不令她覺得恐怖。它們都充斥了對她平生的承認。’
“He just put his head down and wept.”
“他垂下頭，哭了起來。”
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