如何通過關鍵詞解決托福閱讀難題?

　　托福瀏覽部門文章一樣平常較長，並且因此段落為單元的，考生在做題的時刻每每不曉得究竟是該通篇精讀照樣要以段落為單元細心瀏覽，實在要讀懂一個段落咱們只須要捉住幾個癥結詞罷了，下面就給考生具體先容下若何經由過程癥結詞辦理托福瀏覽困難?

　　托福瀏覽癥結詞怎樣抓呢?一是看邏輯旌旗燈號詞;二是讀句子的時刻必定切記只看骨幹!下面咱們就以托福TPO25中的文章The Decline of Venetian Shipping為例，說說若何巧抓癥結詞。

　　TPO25-2 The Decline of Venetian Shipping：

　　Paragraph 2： This decline can be seenclearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade. First， Venic’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business ofshipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. In the fifteenth century there waslittle problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled byoars)：guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily whencalled for. In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was notserious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships(round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to bea greater and greater problem， despite continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime greatness. Even though sailors’ wages doubled among the northern Italiancities from 1550 to 1590， this did not elicit an increased supply.

　　以上算得上是托福瀏覽中較長的段落了，在快速瀏覽這個段落的時刻咱們要找的癥結詞是：邏輯旌旗燈號詞—如段落中所標示的first， but， this…咱們不難發明這些旌旗燈號詞地點的句子根本都是解題的信息點。那末在做題定位時無妨多加留心。固然，捉住這些癥結詞其實不難，難在懂得。

　　接下來咱們就來看看懂得這些句子時的癥結詞。每段話的首句是一定要讀的。This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade。這是包括了一個定語從句的龐雜句。先看到焦點詞changes，再看到Venetian shipping and trade。這篇文章接下來詳細要寫的內容就展露無遺，也便是威尼斯船業和商業的變遷。

　　First，這固然是開端寫shipping的標記了。 Venice’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business ofshipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. 咱們一向誇大句子要讀骨幹，那末簡略地看這個句子便是Venice’s functions were lost，焦點詞很明顯是lost，也對應了整篇文章的主題 decline. 接下來兩句寫到了15和16世紀碰到的海員難招的題目。…there was little problemrecruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)： guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily whencalled for. 這句話中有冒號的湧現，瀏覽冒號以前的內容there was little problem;到下一句：the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand forgalleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with morecargo space)， with required fewer rowers. 這句中要看到的焦點是notserious;再今後看到But….to be a greater and greater problem. 到這裏意思應當已一覽無余了，便是講威尼斯船業在雇用海員方面所遭受的變遷：little problem—not serious—greater problem.

　　適才咱們講了文章瀏覽部門要抓癥結詞，實在咱們在瀏覽標題和選項時也是須要探求癥結詞的。有些題目標選項是比擬長的，四個選項看上去也差未幾一段話了，以是必定要捉住癥結詞斷定才行，如否認詞、比擬詞和並列詞。這些是快速閱讀選項的第一步。再次也要看到題幹和每一個選項中能讓咱們快速定位到原文的癥結詞。咱們照樣以托福TPO25為例：

　　TPO25-1 The Surface of Mars

　　Paragraph 5： As on the Moon， the extent of large impact cratering (i.e.craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed)serves as an age indicator for the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging fromfour billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。

　　According to paragraph 5， what have scientists been able to determinefrom studies of large impact cratering on Mars?

　　A. Some Martian volcanoes are much olderthan was once thought。

　　B. The age of Mars’s surface can vary from area to area。

　　C. Large impact craters are not reliableindicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity。

　　D. Some areas of the Martian surface appearto be older than they actually are。

　　劃出選項中的癥結詞後，定位到原文敏捷閱讀發明原文中並沒有如A和D選項中的比擬，C中的否認詞not和原文是顯著相抵觸的，故而選取B，而B選項對應的正好是本段末句：Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred millionyears in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。

　　依據以上剖析，咱們應當明確在瀏覽之時作甚癥結詞。簡略地講有定位癥結詞和斷定癥結詞。定位癥結詞包含題幹及選項中的名詞，另有便是段落中那些一向向你示好的邏輯旌旗燈號詞了，不要忘卻用它們找到你解題須要的信息。斷定癥結詞是選項中那些有特點的辭匯，包含否認詞，比擬詞大概是句子骨幹中的動詞等，依據這些詞和原文舉行對應，最少有一半的選項可以敏捷被消除。