從2016年開端，預備本科赴美留學的童鞋們須要加入新SAT測驗。新SAT測驗與現行的SAT測驗比擬，瀏覽部門的難度更高，由於新SAT瀏覽中增長了對美國開國文獻的考核，也便是說，假如沒讀過《自力宣言》，沒學過美國憲法，不曉得美國國會的組成和本能機能，不懂得漢密爾頓是誰等等，想讀懂新SAT瀏覽是很難的。為了贊助童鞋們戰勝缺少配景常識的停滯，本文特地整頓了新SAT明白要考核的開國文獻之一《自力宣言》的中英雙語版，願望對考生備考新SAT有所贊助~
The Declaration of Independence
《自力宣言》
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776
1776年7月4日，國會
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERAICA
《美利堅合眾國十三個州的同等宣言》
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
在人類事件的過程中，當一個民族必需消除同另外一個民族的政治接洽，並依照天然和天主付與他們的軌則，以自力同等的身份，立於天下各國之林時，出於對人類輿論的尊敬，必需把使令他們自力的緣故原由予以宣告。
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
咱們以為下述真諦是不問可知的：大家生而同等，造物主付與他們多少弗成讓與的權力，個中包含生計權、自由權和尋求幸福的權力。
That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.
為了保障這些權力，人們才在他們中央樹立當局，而當局的合法權力，則是經被統治者贊成付與的。任何情勢的當局一旦對這些目的的實現起損壞作歷時，國民便有權予以改換或破除，以樹立一個新的當局。新當局所根據的原則和構造其權力的方法，務使國民以為惟有如許才最有大概使他們得到平安和幸福。
Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.
But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty,to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security.
若真要謹慎的來講，建立多年的當局是不該當因為可有可無的和臨時的緣故原由而予以改換的。曩昔的統統履歷都解釋，任何魔難，只要尚能忍耐，人類照樣寧願忍耐，也不想為申冤而破除他們久已習氣了的當局情勢。但是，當始終尋求統一目的的一系列濫用權柄和強取豪奪的行動註解當局妄圖把國民至於獨裁虐政之下時，國民就有權也有責任去顛覆如許的當局，並為其將來的平安供給新的保障。
Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
這便是這些殖民地曩昔忍耐魔難的經由，也是他們如今不能不轉變當局軌制的緣故原由。現今大不列顛王國的汗青，便是頻頻損害和搶奪這些殖民地的汗青，其直接目的便是要在各州之上樹立一個專制虐政。為了證實上述句句屬實，現將究竟公諸於世，讓公平的眾人作出評判。
He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
他謝絕同意對"大眾,"好處最有利、最必須的司法。
He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend them.
他制止他的殖民總督同意迫在眉睫、極度主要的司法，要不就先行棄捐這些司法直至征得他的贊成，而這些司法被棄捐今後，他又完整置之度外。
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
他謝絕同意方便大地域國民的其他的司法，除非這些地域的國民寧願廢棄本身在立法機構中的代表權;而代表權對國民是非常名貴的，只有暴君才害怕它。
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
他把各州的立法委員調集到一個異乎平常、極不安寧而又闊別他們的檔案庫之處去開會，其目標不過是使他們疲乏不勝被迫就範。
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasionon the rights of the people.
他幾回再三閉幕各州的眾議院，由於後者果斷否決他侵罪人民的權力。
He has refused for along time, after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without and convulsion within.
他在閉幕眾議院以後，又歷久謝絕另選別人，因而這項弗成褫奪的立法權便歸由通俗國民來利用，導致在這此間各州仍位於外敵入侵和內部動亂的各種傷害當中。
He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalizing of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands.
他力爭阻攔各州增長生齒，為此目標，他阻攔外國人入籍法的經由過程，謝絕同意其他勉勵移民的司法，並進步新分派地盤的前提。
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers.
他謝絕同意樹立法律權利的司法，以阻攔法律的履行。
He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their office, and the amount and payment of their salary.
他迫使法官為了保住任期、薪金的數額和付出而置於他小我意誌的安排之下。
He has erected a multitude of new officers, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out our substances.
他濫設新官廳，委派大量官員到這裏騷擾咱們的國民，吞噬咱們的財物。
He has kept among us,in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislatures.
他在寧靜時代，未經咱們立法機構贊成，就在咱們中央保持其常備軍。
He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.
他施加影響使部隊自力於文官政權以外，並趕過於文官政權之上。
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation.
他同別人勾搭，把咱們置於一種既與咱們的律例不相關，也未經咱們的司法認可的統領之下，並且還同意他們的偽法案;
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us;
在咱們中央駐紮大量的武裝軍隊;
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murder which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States.
豈論這些人對咱們各州住民犯下多麽緊張的行刺罪，他可用虛偽的審訊來卵翼他們，讓他們逃出法網;
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world;
他割斷咱們同天下各地的商業;
For imposing taxes on us without our consent;
未經咱們贊成便向咱們強行征稅;
For depriving us inmany cases, of the benefits of trial by jury;
在很多案件中，經由過程損害來褫奪咱們享有陪審的權柄;
For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses;
以莫須有的罪名把咱們押送外洋受審;
For abolishing the free systems of English laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule these Colonies;
他在一個鄰省廢除英公法律的自由軌制，在那邊樹立獨裁當局，擴展其邊境，使其立刻成為一個樣板和適合的對象，以便向這裏各殖民地履行一樣的獨裁統治;
For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments;
他撤消了咱們的憲章，廢除咱們最名貴的司法，並從基本上轉變了咱們當局的情勢;
For suspending our own legislatures,and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
他停止咱們的立法機構利用權利，傳播鼓吹他們本身具有在任何情形下為咱們制訂司法的權利。
He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us.
他廢棄設在這裏的當局，傳播鼓吹咱們已不屬他們掩護之列，並向咱們動員戰斗。
He has plundered ourseas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
他在咱們的海疆裏搶奪，踐踏咱們的沿海地域，銷毀咱們的城鎮，踐踏糟踏咱們國民的性命。
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
他此時正在輸送大量外國雇傭兵，來從事其制作滅亡、荒漠和虐政的活動，其殘暴與拙劣從一開端就連最蠻橫的時期也難以比擬，他已完整不配當一個文明國度的元首。
He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
他強制咱們在公海被他們俘虜的同胞拿起兵器否決本身的國度，使他們成為屠殺他們本身的同夥和同胞的劊子手，或使他們死於他們本身的同夥和同胞的部下。
He has excited domestic insurrection amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.
他在咱們中央鼓動內爭，並極力挑撥殘暴無情的印地安蠻子來對於咱們邊境的住民;而家喻戶曉，印地安人的作戰準則是不分辯男女老少和青紅皁白同等格殺勿論。
In every stage of these oppressions，we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: our repeated petition have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
在遭遇這些榨取的每階段，咱們都曾以最謙卑的言辭籲請予以改正。而咱們一次又一次的寧願，卻只是被報以一次又一次的損害。一個君主其品德被他的每個只有暴君才華的出的行動所裸露時，就不配君臨自由的國民。
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpation, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denouncesour separation, and hold them., as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war,in peace friends.
咱們並非沒有想到咱們英國的弟兄。他們的立法構造想把無理的統領權擴大到咱們這裏來，咱們經常把這個妄圖關照他們。咱們曾把咱們移民來這裏和在這裏假寓的情形告知他們。咱們曾請求他們生成的公理感和雅量，念在同種同宗的分上，棄絕這些搶奪行動，由於這些搶奪行動不免會使咱們之間的幹系和交往中止。可他們對這類公理和同宗的呼聲也一樣不聞不問。是以，咱們不能不宣告離開他們，以看待天下上其他民族的立場看待他們：同我征戰者便是仇敵;同我親睦者即為同夥。
We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United States Colonies and Independent States; that they are absolved by from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State,they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives,our fortunes, and our sacred honor.
是以咱們這些在大陸集會上聚會會議的美利堅合眾國的代表們，以各殖民地善夫君民的名義，並經他們授權，向天下最高裁判者申述，解釋咱們的緊張意向，同時慎重宣告：咱們這些結合起來的殖民地如今是，並且也應是自力自由的國度;咱們對英國王室盡忠的全體責任，咱們與大不列顛王國之間統統政治接洽全體拒卻。咱們完整有權媾和、締和、締盟、互市和采用自主國家有權采用的統統行為。咱們果斷地信任神明天主的保佑，同時以咱們的性命、產業和神聖的聲譽相互宣誓來支撐這一宣言。
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