許多同窗都邑認為地質類的講座聽起來很苦楚,實在地質類的講座也講了許多風趣的工作喲。
好比說,在death valley(滅亡谷)有一群會本身亂走的大石頭們。
Death valley is this desert plane, a dry lake bed in California surrounded by mountains and on the desert floor these huge rocks, some of them hundreds of pounds. And they move. They leave long trails behind them, tracks you might say as they move from one point to another.
(滅亡谷是一片戈壁平原,是一個座落於加州,四周圍繞著群山的幹涸了的河床,在這片戈壁上有一群石頭,有的石頭重達幾百磅。而且它們會動。它們死後有一條長長的陳跡,可以說是他們從一個地位挪動到另外一個地位的軌跡)
以是這群眾人夥們是怎樣動的呢?地質學家們就睜開了各類思(nao)考(dong)
假如一大概是被風吹的
然則試驗發明哪怕是地球上最強力的也吹不動。。
假如二沒準是由於戈壁日夜溫差大降雨到了晚上會結冰冰外面很滑風一吹石頭們就可以動啦
這個結論也被顛覆了TUT。假如困在冰面上的石頭和冰一路被風吹的話石頭和冰應當挪動的偏向同等。然則地質學家發明石頭的行為軌跡和冰是不同等的。
以是到底為何這群石頭可以或許動如今尚未定論。並且因為滅亡谷嚴厲受當局管束許多觀察和試驗也是受限的。
(沒準是成精了呢)
再好比說在美國的西部有一個大窟窿叫做Lechuguilla Cave
這個窟窿不但是天下上最深最長的,並且它構成的方法也很特別。
Yes, so there are two kinds of limestone caves.In about 90 percent of them, you have water from the surface, streams, waterfall or whatever - moving water that flows through cracks found in limestone. It’s the moving water itself that wears away at the rock and makes passageways. Also, in surface water, there is a weak acid, carbonic acid, not sulfuric acid but carbonic acid that helps dissolve the rock. With a little help from this carbonic acid, moving water forms most of the world’s limestone caves.
(一共有兩種石灰巖窟窿。在90%的石灰巖窟窿中,會有地表水,小河大概瀑布,活動的水在石灰巖的裂痕中活動。活動的水自己消費了石頭而且造出通道。同時,在地表水中有一種弱酸,碳酸,不是硫酸而是碳酸贊助了巖石的腐蝕。在碳酸的小小贊助下,活動水構成了天下上大部門的石灰巖窟窿)
然則不走平常路的Lechuguilla Cave倒是由硫酸構成的喲
what happens is you have deep underground oil deposits and there are bacteria. part of the limestone rock layer is permeated by water from below. Those curly lines are supposed to be cracks in the rock. Below the water table and rock is oil. Bacteria feed on this oil and release hydrogen sulfide gas. This gas is hydrogen sulfide, rises up and mixes with oxygen in the underground water that sits in the cracks and fissures in the limestone. And when hydrogen sulfide reacts with the oxygen in the water, the result of that is sulfuric acid, Ok? Sulfuric acid eats away at limestone very aggressively. So you get bigger cracks and then passageway is being formed along the openings in the rock and it’s all underground.
(工作是如許嬸兒的,在地下儲備著煤油和細菌。部門的石灰巖被下方的水牢固。這些曲線代表了石頭上的裂縫。在水位和巖石的下方是煤油。細菌靠這些煤油為生並開釋出硫化氫氣體。這個硫化氫氣體上升,和地下水的氧氣聯合,鉆進石灰巖的裂縫中。當硫化氫和水中的氧氣反響時,發生了硫酸。硫酸激烈的腐蝕了石灰巖。因而裂痕變大,而且沿著石頭的裂痕構成了通道,這些反響全體都在地下完成)
恰是由於Lechuguilla Cave是由硫酸構成的,以是才可以看到窟窿裏這麽多的Gypsum(鐘乳石)呢
趁便說一下,由硫酸構成的窟窿,內裏的氣息都不太好聞。。
And when cave researchers go to explore them, they see and smell, the sulfuric acid and gases of...er...phew...now, something else, think of rotten eggs.
(當研討職員去開辟窟窿的時刻,他們聞到了。。額。。相似臭雞蛋的味道)
估量其時研發職員們的心態都是:
以上,願望同窗們看過今後可以被引發出一些對地質學的愛~
實在托福的聽力很彌補課外常識的。多做演習也會一不當心釀成一個頗有學問的人呢。
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