GMAT語法知識點之不定式用法解析

　　GMAT語法測驗中的不定式用法你有若幹懂得?你真的會用嗎?下面網GMAT測驗頻道小編為眾人帶來GMAT語法常識點之不定式用法剖析，願望對考生們的備考有所贊助!

　　不定式，如as to watch, to throw, 和to see是動詞最根本的情勢。不定式能做名詞、形容詞和副詞。

　　Noun(作名詞): I love TO SWIM. To swim是動詞love的賓語。

　　Adjective(作形容詞): The person TO MEET is here. To meet 潤飾名詞person。

　　Adverb(作副詞): Sue paused TO EAT lunch. To eat潤飾動詞paused，表現目標。

　　上面第三個句子，不定式表現目標：why she paused or for what。這個句子也能夠寫成：Sue paused in order to eat lunch.

　　in order to不wordy，只管有同窗以為這個短語相對to來講wordy。不管是不是用短語in order to，要留意它們表現目標的感化。看下面這個例子：

　　Right: The contractors DEMOLISHED the building to keep it from falling down accidentally.

　　動詞demolished的主語是名詞contractors，同時contractors也是不定式to keep的隱式主語(implied subject)，動詞不定式to keep在這裏表現demolished的目標，keep的賓語代詞it的先行詞是building。

　　Wrong: The building WAS DEMOLISHED to avoid falling down accidentally.

　　在這個例句中動詞was demolished的主語是building，同時building也是不定式to avoid的隱式主語，然則a building本身不克不及avoid something intentionally。以是上面的例句是偶然義的(nonsensical)。

　　再看下面這個例句：

　　Right: The building WAS DEMOLISHED to keep it from falling down accidentally.

　　這個例句的主語是building，同時building也是不定式to keep的隱式主語，然則代詞it是不定式to keep的賓語，指代building。因為building是不定式to keep的賓語，以是上面的寫法也是準確的，表現的意思是the same unnamed people who demolished the building wanted to keep it from falling down accidentally.

　　留意，不定式固然能做動詞，但是否是名詞構造。以是，固然不定式可以或許做主語，然則一樣平常來講，GMAT語法用代詞it來指代主語，放在句首。

　　動名詞(gerunds)-ing作名詞，與不定式比擬，動名詞更像名詞構造，以是動名詞既能做動詞的賓語，又能做動詞的主語，還能做介詞的賓語。如如下例句：

　　Subject of verb(作動詞的主語):SWIMMING is fun. Swimming是is的主語。

　　Object of verb(作動詞的賓語): I love SWIMMING. Swimming是love的賓語。

　　Object of preposition(作介詞的賓語): I dream of SWIMMING. Swimming是介詞的賓語。

　　咱們在chapter 11中學過，動名詞分為一樣平常動名詞和龐雜動名詞，動名詞前面有冠詞的是龐雜動名詞。看如下例句：

　　Simple gerund: EATING apples quickly (more verb-like，更像動詞)

　　Complex gerund: The quick EATING of apples (more noun-like，更像名詞)

　　記著，一樣平常動名詞與龐雜動名詞不克不及平行，同時當響應的行動名詞存在時不要用龐雜動名詞，即the quick consumption of apples(行動名詞)比thequick eating of apples(龐雜動名詞)好。

　　假如名詞是動名詞所表現行動的利用者，那末這個名詞必需是全部格的情勢，如如下例句：

　　Wrong: Mike SWIMMING is the product of new coaching techniques.

　　Right: Mike's SWIMMING is the product of new coaching techniques.

　　在用以上規矩時，要檢討下，動名詞是不是名詞?照樣名詞的修遁詞，偶然兩種用法都說得通，如如下例句：

　　Suspect: I like Mike SWIMMING. (=名詞潤飾語 I like Mike only as he swims, not as he runs? 當Mike泅水時，我愛好他?OR 名詞I like for him to be swimming rather than lifting weights?我愛好Mike去泅水)

　　可以改為如下句子來防止歧義

　　Right: I like Mike's SWIMMING. (名詞= I like his swimming itself.)

　　Right: Mike SWIMMING is a sight to behold. (名詞潤飾語Mike himself can be the sight.)

　　Right: Mike's SWIMMING is a sight to behold. (The swimming can be the sight.)

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