你輕易肥胖並非有時，而是基因釀成的。
假如你曾讀過一本女性雜誌，你就會異常熟習蘋果型或梨型身體的觀點。它們是有關身體的兩種最多見描寫。前者,脂肪會合在上腹部,後者,脂肪會合在臀部,大腿部和屁股上。
如今，杜克大學的研討職員們發明了一種基因，稱為叢狀卵白D1 ,它能決議體型，這比雜誌更靠得住。
那末，你認為你的身體只是在遴選牛崽褲時用來比對號碼的嗎?照樣用來選取vs裙或高腰婚紗的呢?請留意：你的身體代表了你的康健水平。
蘋果型身體，腹部集合了大批脂肪，會增長心臟病的危害。上腹部脂肪過量也輕易引發炎癥並致使代謝病，好比高血壓，中風和糖尿病。
相反，梨型身體象征著身材康健。這類身體的脂肪會合在大腿和臀部，有助於生養，也削減代謝病——好比糖尿病的概率
如今，讓咱們從新回到主題。
全部人都具有叢狀卵白D1基因。但為了簡化他們的研討，杜克大學研討職員研討這類基因在斑馬魚身上的影響。由於這類魚是透明的，他們能清楚的看到脂肪細胞的集合地，以更易切實其實定體型。杜克大學的份子遺傳學和微生物學副傳授約翰·F·羅爾斯博士，和羅爾斯試驗室的博士後火伴詹姆斯·E·明欽，把斑馬魚的叢狀卵白D1基因剝離，並把它與正常的斑馬魚舉行比擬。
沒有叢狀卵白D1基因的斑馬魚比他們"蘋果型身體"的同類具有更少的內臟脂肪。內臟脂肪是造成蘋果型身體的一種脂肪。它存在與上腹部，充滿在臟器們，包含心臟，肝臟，小腸和肺部之間。這些脂肪構造開釋出荷爾蒙和其他化學物資，致使炎癥，引發高血壓，心肌窒息，中風，和糖尿病。
相反，那些“梨型身體”的斑馬魚具有更多的皮下脂肪，它們存在於臀部和大腿的皮下構造，與梨型身體個別的後身。這類脂肪構造能下降機體的胰島素耐受性;從而防止咱們得糖尿病。
那末，咱們都應當擯棄咱們的叢狀卵白D1基因嗎?不消這麽急。Michin告知雅虎康健板塊，當咱們曉得“極度影響是這 麽恐怖時”,咱們也必定要想起，他們的研討也舉行了極真個基因操縱，完整損失叢狀卵白D1基因的變種斑馬魚在實際中是弗成能能湧現的。
全部人都攜帶著叢狀卵白D1基因，然則，讓咱們以另外一種方法描寫這類基因，"身材脂肪的分派是非常龐雜的，是多種基因相互影響的成果，"Michin說，"咱們料想，叢狀卵白D1基因在人體內大概存在其他效應。"
縱然清楚通曉了身材脂肪分派對康健的意義，咱們仍舊對體型遺傳知之甚少。一個重要研討基因與腰臀比幹系的大型國際研討已在仲春份在法蒂爾開端。研討者們已發明了一些與叢狀卵白D1基因有關的信息。
在將來，這些信息大概會讓咱們懂得基因若何掌握咱們的體型——同時，更主要的是，改良咱們的康健。
Where you gain weight isn't a game of chance. Turns out it's all in your genes. (Photo: iStock)
If you've ever read a women's magazine, you're familiar with the concept of "apple" versus "pear" body s hapes. They're the two most common presentations of the human body — in the first case, fat gatl around the midsection, in the latter, fat accumulates around the hips, thighs, and rear.
Now, researchers from Duke University have pinpointed a gene, called Plexin Dl, which determines the bod y type you'll have with a great deal more certainty than any magazine quiz ever could.
Now, for those who think that your body shape is only a barometer of the style of jeans you choose, or if you should opt for the A-line vs. the empire waist wedding dress, take heed: Your body shape has everything to do with your health.
An apple shaped body, which has greater fat accumulation in the belly, carries with it the risk of heart disease. Fat concentration in the midsection is also thought to induce inflammation and trigger metabolic diseases including high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes.
A pear body shape, on the other hand, is considered to be pretty healthy. This shape accumulates fat in the hips and thighs, which is associated with increased fertility and a decreased risk of metabolic diseases like diabetes.
Now let's get back to that study.
All humans have the Plexin D1 gene. But to simplify their research, the Duke researchers chose to study the gene's effects in zebrafish. Since the fish are transparent, you can actually see where the fat cells are accumulating to easily determine their body shape. John F. Rawls, PhD, and an associate professor of molecular genetics and microbiology at Duke, and James E. Minchin, PhD, a post-doctoral fellow in Rawls' lab, engineered zebrafish without the Plexin D1 gene, and compared them with normal zebrafish who carried the gene.
The fish without the Plexin D1 gene had less visceral fat tissue than their "apple-shaped" counterparts with the gene. Visceral fat is the type of fat that causes an apple-shaped body. It lies deep within the midsection, wedged between organs including the heart, liver, intestine, and lungs. From there, the tissue emits hormones and other chemicals that cause inflammation, triggering high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, and diabetes.
Instead, these "pear shaped" fish displayed more subcutaneous fat, which is the type of fat that sits be neath the skin of the hips, thighs, and rear of pear-shaped individuals. This type of fat tissue decrease s insulin resistance in humans 8imdash; which protects us from getting diabetes.
So should we all try to get rid of our Plexin D1 gene? Not so fast. Michin tells Yahoo Health, that whil e "to have such an extreme effect is surprising," it's important to remember that their research also inv olved an extreme amount of genetic manipulation, wholly eliminating the Plexin D1 gene in the mutant zet a fish in a way that is unlikely to ever occur in real life.
All humans carry the Plexin D1 gene, but we express the gene in different ways. "Body fat distribution is a complex trait that is governed by interactions between multiple genes, says Michin. "We expect that more subtle regulation of Plexin D1 in human populations is likely to occur."
Despite the clear health implications of body fat distribution, little is known about the genetics of body shape. A large international study that appeared in Nature in February began to fill in this gap by looking for genes associated with waist-to-hip ratio. The researchers found some association with Plexin D1 in their study.
In the future, this information could lead to understanding how to genetically manipulate our body types — and, more importantly, improve our health in the process.
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