1.The following appeared in a memorandum from the head of a human resources department at a major automobile manufacturing company to the company‘s managers：
“Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated than employees of for-profit corporations to perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated. Interviews with employees of not-for-profit organizations suggest that the reason for their greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to improve society. Because they believe in the importance of their work， they have personal reasons to perform well， even when no financial reward is present. Thus， if our corporation began donating a significant portion of its profits to humanitarian causes， our employees’ motivation and productivity would increase substantially and our overall profits would increase as well.”
【標題剖析】
經由過程對非營利(not- for-profit)構造員工鼓勵身分的剖析，文章將員工盡力事情動因(greater motivation)歸結為某種位公益辦事的信心(the belief)。進而，發起賺錢構造向非營利構造鑒戒履歷。原文推理路線(reasoning line)以下：
∵ not-for-profit： the belief à greater motivation (1)
又∵ not-for-profit = for-profit (2)
∴ for-profit： the belief à motivation and productivity à more profit (3)
【探求毛病】
依據推理路線，可以針對三個推理進程，挨次分三個條理來探求毛病：
(1)非營利構造的因果推理(causality)存疑：非營利構造員工的事情動因大概來自於其他緣故原由，而不但是某種信心。比方，非營利構造中的牢固員工也是實施薪酬制的，以是，他們踴躍事情的浩瀚來由中，固然包含營生，並且，相對贏利紅利而言，賑災扶貧等費錢的事情照樣相對於輕易的。
(2)非營利構造與營利構造的可比性(comparability)存疑：縱然該汽車制作公司將一部門利潤投入公益，仍舊不克不及躲避這兩種構造存在的固有差別，致使履歷弗成鑒戒。比方，營利構造的員工多為中青年人，生存壓力大，須要更多的是好處驅動，來改良生存、養育子女;非營利構造的員工中的自願者多為老年人大概門生，生存壓力較小，須要的是施展余熱大概進修履歷。
(3)營利構造的對將來輕率預期(expectation)存疑：縱然投資公益可以或許帶來員工事情加倍踴躍自動的成果，進一步以為如許就可以進步團體利潤程度(overall profit)是沒有依據的。由於利潤即是收入減本錢，而這兩個變量從原文中無從得悉，以是，有大概由於當局稅率的進步，而使得利潤下降或持平。
GMAT作文題庫，新增13道Argument標題。而這新增的13道題中，又有5道題都是同出一轍的類比(analogy)標題，占到了近一半的比例。GMAT作文題庫調劑，明白的提醒考生，類比標題在往後的GMAT測驗中，仍舊是重點題型。是以，加入GMAT測驗的考生應當對類比標題賜與充足的看重，並舉行充足的考前預備。
在新增的13到Argument標題中，有5道仍舊是類比類標題，占到新增標題近一半的比例，是以此次的GMAT作文題庫調劑明白的提醒考生，類比類標題在本日的GMAT測驗中仍舊飾演很主要的腳色。是以，全部預備加入GMAT測驗的考生應當賜與充足的看重，做好充足的考前預備。
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