7月28日VOA聽力：肯尼亞參加艾滋DREAMS項目
Kenya will be getting new support to prevent andtreat HIV/AIDS among adolescent girls. PresidentObama announced Sunday that Kenya would beincluded in the DREAMS project. It’s funded by theU.S., the Nike Foundation and the Bill and MelindaGates Foundation.
Adolescent girls are hard hit by HIV/AIDS. It’s estimated seven thousand die every year fromthe disease.They also account for about 74 percent of new infections among adolescents.
The $210 million DREAMS project falls under PEPFAR, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDSRelief. Dr. Deborah Birx is the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and in charge of PEPFAR.
She said, “DREAMS is a very exciting new program for us where the D stands for determine,the R for resilient, the E for empowered, the A for AIDS-free and the M for mentored and theS for safe. And that acronym – that combination of items – we think is really going to be keyto keep young women HIV-free.
Ambassador Birx said the overall rate of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa has fallenover the last 10 years. She credited efforts by individual countries, PEPFAR and the Global Fundto Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria. But she said changing demographics on the continent are havingan effect on the epidemic.
“Africa also has this exciting, expanding young adult [population]. So, there are 30 percentmore young adults now than at the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. So, you can see justby the sheer numbers even if you hold the rates of HIV new infections at the same (level),because there’s so many more young adults at risk your actually number of HIV infected goessignificantly up,” she said.
And adolescent girls and young women are bearing the brunt of that.
“We know young women in general are two to three to four and some cases 10 times morelikely to become HIV infected than young men of the exact same age group. So, this is verymuch focused on meeting the needs of young women where they are in the communities toaddress their specific issues that lead to higher HIV risk – and to ensure that they grow up aspart of this commitment to an AIDS-free generation,” said Birx.
Kenya will receive $30 million extra in HIV funding from the DREAMS project. Programs arealready in place, so they can begin right away.
Dr. Birx attended the recent International AIDS Society Conference on Pathogenesis, Preventionand Treatment in Vancouver, Canada. She said among the scientific studies presented wasfurther proof that the sooner HIV infected people receive antiretrovirals the better.
“If patients start on treatment early, they can have this almost identical lifespan to someonewho is HIV negative. So this is extraordinarily exciting, and that’s what happened over the lastdecade in sub-Saharan Africa. So, we’ve reversed the dying. Now we have to even do a betterjob on decreasing the number of new infections.”
The PEPFAR chief said preventing new infections among adolescents is cheaper than treatingthem once they are infected. That, she says, could strain financial resources.
Two of the biggest obstacles to helping girls and young women living with HIV are stigma anddiscrimination.
“We feel like, overall, across the world we’ve made the least progress in stigma anddiscrimination. And this has really undermined the abilities of individuals and communities toprotect themselves from HIV because people are hiding their sero status. There’s stillunrelenting stigma at the community level. So, people living with HIV/AIDS around the worldare still forced into the shadows of their community,” said Birx.
She said as a result, fewer people are coming forward to be tested. People are hiding theirantiretroviral pills so friends and family won’t learn their HIV status. Birx said it’s critical womenare empowered and have the means to protect themselves.
“We know from our gender-based violence studies -- we’ve been supporting, what we call,violence against children surveys in 10 African countries over the last five years – and it’s clearthat young women are specifically susceptible to gender-based violence and have a muchhigher risk of either acquiring HIV through gender-based violence or through other behaviorsthat occurred due to the gender-based violence that had occurred earlier.”
Ambassador Birx said young women must stand up for themselves. But she also sayscommunities have to “wrap their arms around young women and value them and protect themfrom the perpetrators of gender-based violence.”
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