GRE閱讀文章中的表現主義

　　考生備考GRE瀏覽，對付瀏覽文章觸及的一些配景常識考生照樣要有必定懂得的，這可以贊助考生削減測驗時的生疏感，從而加速解題速率，下面就為考生先容下GRE瀏覽文章中的表示主義，供考生進修。

　　先看一段GRE瀏覽文本：

　　Is this a fault, or are the writers working out of, or trying to forge, a distinct kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique gives a counterpoint to the popular theme that depicts the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme generally transmitted by more naturalistic modes of expression?

　　這段文本中提到了一些黑人小說中表現出的表示主義、超實際主義，起首咱們來問眾人解讀作為當代主要藝術派別的表示主義。表示主義起首構成於繪畫一書中，進而影響文學、片子、音樂……要懂得表示主義，就要先從繪畫提及。

　　【癥結詞】

　　within the artist | criticism | distortion | strong colors | anxiety

　　【汗青配景】

　　隆盛於1905-1920年的歐洲，源於人們對真實性，和精力天下缺失的焦炙。

　　Expressionism emerged simultaneously in various cities across

　　simultaneously adv. 同時地: happening at the same time

　　discordant adj. 反面諧的: not in harmony

　　authenticity n. 真實性，來自形容詞authentic: real, true and accurate

　　Impressionism n.印象派：1870-1900年在法國成長，畫家多以剎時的印象作畫，尋求描寫光芒和顏色的變更。印象派的巨匠包含莫奈、塞尚等。

　　symbolist n. 意味主義者。意味派在藝術上誇大主觀、本性，他們再也不把臨時所見真正的表示出來，而經由過程特定形象的綜合來表達本身的看法和內涵的精力天下。

　　distortion n. 變形、失真

　　yearning n. 盼望、神往

　　【重要概念】

　　藝術起源於藝術家心坎，否定實際天下的客觀性。

　　The arrival of Expressionism announced new standards in the creation and judgment of art. Art was now meant to come forth from within the artist, rather than from a depiction of the external visual world, and the standard for assessing the quality of a work of art became the character of the artist's feelings rather than an analysis of the composition.

　　come forth = emerge, 湧現、出現; come forth from within the artist: 從藝術家內部出現——源於心坎。

　　表示主義繪畫轉達了藝術家對現代社會的焦炙。

　　Expressionist artists often employed swirling, swaying, and exaggeratedly executed brushstrokes in the depiction of their subjects. These techniques were meant to convey the turgid emotional state of the artist reacting to the anxieties of the modern world.

　　employ v. 應用: to use something for a particular purpo

　　seswirling: 旋渦;swaying: 扭捏;brushstrokes: 繪畫技能

　　turgid adj. 難明的：very complicated and difficult to understand

　　表示主義藝術家成長出了一種對本錢主義社會的有力批評。

　　Through their confrontation with the urban world of the early twentieth century, Expressionist artists developed a powerful mode of social criticism in their serpentine figural renderings and bold colors. Their representations of the modern city included alienated individuals - a psychological by-product of recent urbanization - as well as prostitutes, who were used to comment on capitalism's role in the emotional distancing of individuals within cities.

　　serpentine adj. 曲曲折折的: having many bends and turns

　　rendering n. 描述、描繪: represent by artistic or verbal means

　　alienated adj. 被冷淡的、受蕭條的

　　【代表作品】

　　The Scream (1893)

　　Artist: Edvard Munch

　　Throughout his artistic career, Munch focused on scenes of death, agony, and anxiety in distorted and emotionally charged portraits, all themes and styles that would be adopted by the Expressionists. Here, in Munch's most famous painting, he depicts the battle between the individual and society. The Scream evokes the jolting emotion of the encounter and exhibits a general anxiety toward the tangible world. The representation of the artist's emotional response to a scene would form the basis of the Expressionists' artistic interpretations. The theme of individual alienation, as represented in this image would persist throughout the twentieth century, captivating Expressionist artists as a central feature of modern life.

　　agony n. 極大的苦楚，對付這個單詞有一種影象辦法叫做：愛過你是一種極大的苦楚

　　jolting n. 波動、顛簸、震動

　　tangible adj. 清楚明白的文本中提到的

　　表示主義文學 | 卡夫卡

　　表示主義文學是20世紀早期以德國為中間鼓起的一場國際性文學活動。表示主義文學是表示主義藝術在文學範疇的表現，觸及到文學的各個範疇，個中尤以戲劇和詩歌的造詣最為凸起。表示主義文學流暴露一種廣泛的抽象化偏向，作品每每具備濃烈深摯的意味意蘊，經由過程主觀幻覺、夢鄉和錯覺，和扭曲變形等手段來表示生存。卡夫卡可以說是造詣最高的表示主義小說家。