致ACT新手考生們：ACT閱讀之“慢”速

　　對付ACT的考生而言，“爭分奪秒”估量是不問可知的，不管是哪科，講求快都是拿分的癥結，就像工夫同樣，“世界武功，無堅不破，唯快不破”。然則，想要有“快”的後果，得先有“快”的氣力，要否則，就像淩波微步，如若無深摯內功基礎，強行運用，則會造成自絕經脈的危境。

　　為何要“慢”

　　ACT瀏覽均勻下來一篇的做題時光只有9分鐘不到，假如一個考生做一篇托福瀏覽文章都要用18甚至20分鐘的話，那末方才打仗ACT的瀏覽根本上是瓦解的。此時強行快速瀏覽的話，那末撲街的大概性就很大了。

　　是以，在沒有快的本錢前，你只能學郭靖，老誠實實練根本功，只有根本功踏實了，才有“快”的大概性。

　　故而，我本日要跟眾人說說“慢”。

　　要若何“慢”?

　　起首要明確，我所謂的慢，不是慢條斯理的那種慢，而是針對時光而言的：便是你要曉得，在這有限的瀏覽文章時光內，我該若何去把時光花在有用信息上。對付首次備考的考生，我一樣平常不發起急著在33-34分鐘啃完全部的標題(除非速率靠近native speaker)，而是先辦理掉個中的三篇，把題目和文風都異常“帶感”的prose fiction留到末了去做。

　　對付時光的分派，初學者讀文章的時光發起為3分半到4分鐘，做題時光為7分到7分半鐘。而我要講的“慢”讀，是若何用2分鐘辨析清文章構造、宗旨和分論點。

　　慢讀抓有用信息

　　甚麽是“有用信息”？這裏的有用信息不必定都是是考點信息(考點信息，特別是細節信息可以在背面的7分半鐘裏去找)，而是文章宗旨，和分段落焦點思惟。

　　另有一個題目，假如我這裏所謂的“有用信息”不是考點信息，那我要懂得那末清晰做甚麽？

　　我的謎底是，這裏的“有用信息”不但可以贊助你辦理掉歸納綜合性題目(文章宗旨及段落宗旨題，段落功效題)也能贊助測驗在做細節題時定位定位。ACT瀏覽最使人焦頭爛額的地方在於許多標題須要考生去定位，這是最耗時光之處，有人大概一道題花了幾分鐘，也不曉得謎底在哪一個地位。然則了了文章宗旨，和每段焦點思惟，絕對可以贊助咱們快速定位。

　　案例剖析

　　咱們以一篇科學文章為例，如安在2分鐘時光內獲得“有用信息”。

　　Paragraph 1：①As night falls on Hawaii’s Big Island, a low, jarring sound begins. ②It is a faint murmur at first, but as the darkness deepens, the sound grows louder, rending the stillness of the evening. ③These deep cries, from male E. coqui frogs, are met with lower, guttural croaks from their perspective mates; during this time, the sound for which the coqui is named fills the air. ④This sound has become the theme song of a growing environmental problem: invasive species threat to ecological biodiversity.

　　第一段必定要慢讀。平日天然科學類文章，第一段有兩個目標，交卸配景常識，解釋文章宗旨。而文章宗旨，要末在首，要末在尾，這裏一讀咱們就曉得在尾。找到文章宗旨後，咱們發明，這裏焦點辭匯是 environmental problem，只要測驗學過托福瀏覽的文章構造，本篇的構造很好揣摸，為Problem&Solution。

　　Paragraph 2：①Native to Puerto Rico,the small tree frogs— measuring about five millimeters long— probably arrived in Hawaii as passengers aboard potted plants imported from the Caribbean. ②Once coquis explored their new environment, they found an abundance of food , including insects, tiny spiders, and mites. ③In addition, they faced little ecological competition, as there are no other amphibians native to the islands, nor are there the snakes, tarantulas, or other Caribbean hunters that usually serve to keep the coqui population in check.

　　Paragraph 3：①The way the coqui hatch also gives the coqui an advantage in Hawaii’s ecosystem. ②Frogs usually hatch into tadpoles, which require a consistent and substantial amount of water survive. ③By contrast, the coqui emerges from eggs as a tiny but fully formed from which allows it to thrive in saturated moss, the dampened plastic that importers wrap around plants, or even a drop of water on a plant leaf. ④Moreover, young coquis don't begin to emit their signature calls until they are about a year old; consequently, avian predators are unable to locate the tiny frogs by sound.

　　從第二段開端進入分論點，瀏覽耗時開端收縮，側重找段落宗旨。二、三段我放在一路講，是想誇大眾人要重視的另一個技巧，便是可否為段落分別聚集。在這裏第二段並沒有宗旨句，然則第三段開首用了一個並列銜接詞also註解二、三的幹系是並列的，且第三段在講Coquis的advantage，那末二段確定也是講advantage(s)。

　　Paragraph 4：①Perhaps the coqui’s most noteworthy feature is its extremely loud calling song. ②To a listener one to two feet away, a single coqui can produce a mating call up to 100 decibels. ③The unusual volume of the frog’s call is compounded by two other factors. ④First, coquis congregate closely on relatively small parcels of land; one recent survey found 400 adult frogs in one 20-by-20-meter plot. ⑤This degree of concentration amplifies the sound the frogs make. ⑥Second, coquis tend to overlap their calls, with a single coqui seeking to fill gaps in other frogs’ songs with its own effort to attract a mate. ⑦As a result, coquis create a “wall of sound” that is even more pronounced because Hawaii boasts few other night-calling species. ⑧For these reasons, human residents of Hawaii tend to regard coquis as nuisances, polluting the air with their incessant noises.

　　Paragraph 5：①Conservationist worry about other ramifications of the coqui’s invasion of the Hawaii ecosystem. ②One problem is that while the coqui receives the bulk of residents’ attention because of its nocturnal serenades, another, quieter genus of the frog— the greenhouse frog—represents an equal threat to the biodiversity of the island. ③As voracious insectivores, coquis and greenhouse frogs are threatening the survival of arthropods(invertebrate animals with jointed legs, including insects, scorpions, crustaceans, and spiders), whose population are already close to extirpation to other foreign predators. ④Ornithologist fear that depleting the insect population could result in serious consequences for Hawaii’s food web, especially considering that the birds native to the islands are also insectivores.

　　Paragraph 6：①Symbiotic interactions between the coqui and other invasive species pose another ecological threat. ②The presence of coquis could permit the flourishing of other so-called “dissonant” species, such as non-native snakes that prey upon the frogs. ③Herpetologists have speculated that nematodes and other types of vertebrate parasites can be transported with coquis and can infect indigenous fauna. ④Furthermore, many ecologists believe the proliferation of these frogs will further homogenize the island’s biota.

　　四、五、六段又是一個意群，重要呼應文章宗旨段的coquis釀成的 environmental problem，而且每段宗旨都是第一句。五、六都有邏輯詞承接前文信息，第五段第一句話裏有一個other; 第六段的首句有個another。

　　Paragraph 7：①Debate persists about how best to reduce or even eradicate the population of coquis and their cousins in Hawaii. ②Hand-capturing the tiny frogs is probably the most environmentally sensitive way to remove them from their habit, but their sheer number renders this approach inefficient. ③The maximum concentration of pesticides that would not damage fauna or flora has not been potent enough to kill the frogs. ④Seeking a more creative solution, scientists have had some success treating the frogs with caffeine citrate, a drug typically prescribed to treat breathing and metabolic abnormalities in humans. ⑤Caffeine citrate can penetrate the coqui’s moist skin, and the drug’s high acidity essentially poisons the animal and inactive its nervous systems. ⑥From a biodiversity standpoint, this technique has the added benefit of posing almost no danger to plants, which lack a nervous system, or to insects, which have an impenetrable, hard exoskeleton.

　　咱們從第一段的宗旨句平分析出來，文章的構造多是Problem&Solution，終究在倒數第二段寫到了solutions,。本段的宗旨仍舊是第一句話，然則要留意，第一句話的信息詞debate,也便是說，這些solutions大概都存在一些缺點。

　　Paragraph 8： ①Even if new techniques finally exterminate the coqui, experts are skeptical that the invader’s current effects on the 1,000 acres of Hawaii’s ecosystem can be reversed. ②This patch of land is not expansive in comparison to Hawaii’s total 4.1 million acres, yet it is an indication of potential widespread disaster: since the habitat and its native residents have thus far been able to adjust to the presence of coquis, eliminating the frogs could yield unintended and far-reaching consequences to the biodiversity of the habitat beyond arthropods. ③For now, scientists are likely to continue the delicate balancing act of limiting the coqui’s population growth while preventing further damage to Hawaii’s ecosystem.

　　第八段是掃尾，也能夠算作一個總結，然則留意立場是skeptical的，用本身的話總結便是縱然根除coquis，Hawaii的生態將來大概還是uncertain。

　　在文章構造、宗旨和段落分論點都理清晰的情形下，咱們來畫一個信息圖出來。