6月29日VOA聽力：德班氣象大會深刻評論辯論多項主要議題
Negotiators representing nearly 200 nations workedthrough the night and well into the day Saturday,with hopes of leaving Durban with solid deals inplace. Among the key issues being discussed iswhether to adopt a second commitment period ofat least five years to the Kyoto Protocol - a pact,enacted in 2007 that legally binds governments tocut emissions. The current proposal being considered would extend the Kyoto Protocol foranother term, if, in exchange, the United States, China and other big countries that are not apart of it, agree to negotiate a future replacement deal to cut emissions after 2020. But evenif a deal is reached here in Durban, some observers say the terms are still insufficient tocombat climate change. Alden Meyer is from the Union of Concerned Scientists. It's all well andgood to talk about long-term treaties post 2020, and that's essential and we support that andwant to get a decision here launching a process to do that. But we also need a near termprocess to raise the level of ambition collectively, both developed and developing countries, totry to substantially raise efforts to close what's called the gigaton gap, which is the gapbetween the emissions reductions we have on the table and those that have to be made to stayunder two degrees. Two degrees centigrade is the amount by which scientists say the Earth canwarm before causing irreversible damage to life systems. Another big issue is setting up theGreen Climate Fund, which is supposed to provide financing for environmental projects indeveloping countries. Countries have had a hard time agreeing on what sources of funding willbe used for the fund, and on other technical aspects. Harjeet Singh of ActionAid says it looksincreasingly unlikely there will be a complete fund before the next climate conference in Qatar.Things are not looking very positive on the Green Climate Fund we see that theoperationalization that we were expecting to definitely have happened in Durban, it's not reallyhappening. It has been moved to next year so between now and Qatar it may happensometime, which is quite depressing. Singh said the United States, which has been asking thatprivate firms have more access to the fund, is largely responsible for the delay. Time is runningout for a major deal to combat climate change, and many environmental ministers involved inthe talks have already started heading home. Some of the employees at the conferencecenter have been asked to be available to work again on Sunday, suggesting negotiations mayhave a long way to go. Gabe Joselow, VOA news, Durban.
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