托福詞匯備考的常見錯誤

2016/05/24 瀏覽次數:4 收藏
分享到:

  托福辭匯中,有些類似詞義的辭匯,在用法上天差地別,但是許多同窗在托福寫作辭匯的選取上疏忽了他們的詳細應用情況,從而造成表達毛病。

  一、compare與contrast的誤用

  咱們先從二者的界說入手來看二者的差別。 Compare的界說為:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的界說為:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them.由界說不丟臉出前者著重於找到兩個或多個事物的異同,爾後者則著重於它們的分歧。

  看個例句:

  It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.

  前一句翻譯為:比較一下咱們的情形與他們的情形會頗有趣。

  後一句的翻譯為:咱們的情形與他們的情形有很大的分歧,這頗有趣。

  再看一個引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:

  There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.

  The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.

  When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.

  不難發明,Compare翻譯為“與…比擬”而contrast可譯為“顯著分歧的是…”,牢記這類翻譯方法就不會用錯相互了。

  二、介詞應用毛病

  1、通俗介詞的誤用

  一樣平常表示為牢固搭配毛病,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,固然如許的毛病看似無傷風雅,但在考官眼裏便是影響順暢瀏覽,固然會影響終極成就。辦理的方法簡略而陳腐:把常見的牢固搭配切記於心,題目天然就辦理了。

  2、 “to”作為介詞的誤用

  “to”最多見的用法因此動詞不定式標記的情勢湧現的,以是同窗們也已習氣了“to do”的牢固搭配。對付一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表偏向等常見用法一樣平常也不會湧現毛病。然則對付與動詞搭配的介詞to就會常常出錯:

  如:

  More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.

  這裏的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’個中‘to’為介詞,所今後面只能接名詞或相稱於名詞的詞,如動名詞。以是黑體處應改成“depending on”。“take to”的另外一個經常使用用法也須要切記:

  He hasn’t taken to his new school. (這裏‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

  Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞,會有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”但是真實的不定式標記。

  相似的經常使用用法請同窗們切記:

  Be used to doing

  Be accustomed to doing

  See to doing

  Adapt to doing

  Adjust to doing

  prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

  等等,請留意日常平凡細心積聚。

  三、assume及claim應用不敷精確

  咱們曉得, think, assume, claim是論說文中經常使用引出概念的動詞。在現實作文中,同窗們每每以為幾個詞的意思是同樣的,完整可以代換,以是拿過來就用。乃至另有同窗把consider也拿過來與之混用。咱們起首照樣從界說來看這幾個詞的分歧:

  Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.

  翻譯為“以為”,平日接賓語從句來表達比擬肯定的概念。

  Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.

  翻譯為“假如、假設”,是不是有究竟根據是不肯定的。

  Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.

  翻譯為“宣稱”,用這個詞每每象征著不贊成緊跟厥後的概念,以是很罕用作‘I claim that…

  Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。

  以是‘It is claimed that’平日翻譯為“有報導稱。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的差別在於後者翻譯為“據報導”,每每代表著作者贊成申報的內容,

  Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision

  翻譯為“斟酌”,一樣平常不消作引出概念,看個例子:

  We are considering buying a new car.

  以是,萬萬不要在托福寫作的第一段(概念表達段)就由於用詞掌控禁絕而致使對整篇文章的低分印象。

  四、表“發起”的辭匯背面忘卻用假造從句

  這是摘自門生托福作文中的一個病句:

  I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.

  由於‘suggest’翻譯為“發起”,所今後面的從句應當用假造語氣,黑體部門應當改成“(should) continue”

  以是考生必定要切記如下常見表“發起”的辭匯,並且要記著這些詞接從句時要用假造語氣:

  Recommend, suggest, advise

  五、such as與for example的混用

  咱們曉得,在表現舉例子的時刻,such as與like是完整同等的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare.

  然則同窗們對付Such as、for example的掌控照樣不敷精確。咱們都曉得,後者接句子前者接詞語表現舉例子。因而就有了下面的寫法:

  There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.

  這裏的such as改成for example為宜,由於“in French and Italian”實際上是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡化,以是要用for example來引出例證。再來看幾個相似的例子:

  It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.

  以上便是本日小編為眾人分享的托福辭匯備考的常見毛病,願望對加入托福測驗的考生有所贊助。想要加入托福培訓雅思培訓的考生請選取。末了,小編祝眾人出國留學之路順順遂利!更多出色內容盡在留學托福測驗頻道。

掃描二維碼,更多toefl備考材料一手控制!

  佳構推舉:

  2016年Toefl測驗報名全攻略

  私塾-全體英語課程系列

  高分案例集錦 托福提分的不貳之選

  在線直播小班課程!

  測驗公然課 百種免費課程會聚一堂!

  toefl一對一事業課程!

  整日制高端學堂開課啦!