2015年GMAT考試練習：閱讀模擬題（5）

　　2015年GMAT測驗，勤於演習，控制瀏覽方法，成就才有晉升空間，下面是小編為考生預備的GMAT瀏覽模仿題，願望能對眾人有所贊助!

　　Colonial historian David Allen's intensive study of five communities in seventeenth-century Massachusetts is a model of meticulous scholarship on the detailed microcosmic level, and is convincing up to a point. Allen suggests that much more coherence and direct continuity existed between English and colonial agricultural practices and administrative organization than other historians have suggested. However, he overstates his case with the declaration that he has proved "the remarkable extent to which diversity in New England local institutions was directly imitative of regional differences in the mother country."

　　Such an assertion ignores critical differences between seventeenth-century England and New England. First, England was overcrowded and land-hungry; New England was sparsely populated and labor-hungry. Second, England suffered the normal European rate of mortality; New England, especially in the first generation of English colonists, was virtually free from infectious diseases. Third, England had an all-embracing state church; in New England membership in a church was restricted to the elect. Fourth, a high proportion of English villagers lived under paternalistic resident squires; no such class existed in New England. By narrowing his focus to village institutions and ignoring these critical differences, which studies by Greven, Demos, and Lockridge have shown to be so important, Allen has created a somewhat distorted picture of reality.

　　Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes. What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England? We are not told in what way, if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding. Studies of local history have enormously expanded our horizons, but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.

　　文章表面：第一段開首說有一個家夥研討社區，這個家夥的研討照樣比擬考譜的。背面具體談了一些研討的內容，也許環繞的農業和行政構造談的，但背面又說他的這個研討有些紕謬勁之處。第二段開端具體論述有幾個處所紕謬勁，一共枚舉了四點。而第三段開端說這個家夥的研討有哪些意義。

　　Question #17. 145-03 (22018-!-item-!-188;#058&000145-03)

　　According to the passage, which of the following was true of most villages in seventeenth-century England?

　　(A) The resident squire had significant authority.

　　(B) Church members were selected on the basis of their social status within the community.

　　(C) Low population density restricted agricultural and economic growth.

　　(D) There was little diversity in local institutions from one region to another.

　　(E) National events had little impact on local customs and administrative organization.

　　文的是個細節，得看看十七世紀的英國村莊在文章的甚麽處所。依據文章脈絡，咱們曉得這個細節文章第二段的第四個缺陷就說了，，咱們讀下這句：說大批的村落民住在甚麽squire下咱們來看看選項

　　A 橫豎和squire有點接洽，先留著

　　B 教會成員依據社會位置來選，沒提，殺

　　C 低生齒密度克制了農業和經濟增加，沒提，殺

　　D local institutions多樣性不敷，沒提，殺

　　E 國度的事宜對處所風氣和行政影響不大，沒提，殺

　　Question #18. 145-05 (22064-!-item-!-188;#058&000145-05)

　　The passage suggests that Professor Clive Holmes would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

　　(A) An understanding of seventeenth-century English local institutions requires a consideration of national issues.

　　(B) The "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history distorts historical evidence in order to establish continuity between old and new institutions.

　　(C) Most historians distort reality by focusing on national concerns to the exclusion of local concerns.

　　(D) National issues are best understood from the perspective of those at the local level.

　　(E) Local histories of seventeenth-century English villages have contributed little to the understanding of village life.

　　細節，找到誰人傳授的概念，應當在第三段首句，咱們讀一下：說的是這個傳授研討了一些國度的issue(我盡管這句話中對付傳授概念的表述，別的對付題目沒有效的信息只管即便少看)，咱們來看看選項。

　　A 懂得一個器械須要national issue，和原文有點幹系，留著

　　B 文章沒提，殺

　　C沒提，殺

　　D 好歹也和national issue有點幹系，留著

　　E 沒提，殺

　　A誇大的是我須要national issue，D說 national issue從處所的角度能更好的懂得，原文說的是 national issue對付誰人研討的感化，哪一個更好，明顯是A，固然，A也不怎樣，但最少比D惡心水平輕多了。

　　Question #19. 145-07 (22110-!-item-!-188;#058&000145-07)

　　It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passage considers Allen's "discovery" (see highlighted text) to be

　　(A) already known to earlier historians

　　(B) based on a logical fallacy

　　(C) improbable but nevertheless convincing

　　(D) an unexplained, isolated fact

　　(E) a new, insightful observation

　　問的是第三段誰人例子目標是甚麽，例子是論證概念的，概念是例子前面那句，也許說的是這個家夥的研討是一個極真個例子，橫豎說的是這個研討不太好，咱們看選項

　　A初期汗青學家已曉得了，沒提，殺

　　B基於一個邏輯上的毛病，偏向同等，先留著

　　C分歧適但照樣可托的，寧神是好的，原文偏向是欠好，殺

　　D一個沒說明伶仃的究竟，偏向也是欠好，留著

　　E偏向反了，殺

　　B說一個毛病，D說一個伶仃的究竟，哪一個像佛，明顯是D並且原文也說是一個極真個例子顯著也是環繞究竟談而不是邏輯毛病談的，選D

　　Question #20. 145-08 (22156-!-item-!-188;#058&000145-08)

　　The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

　　(A) substantiating a claim about a historical event

　　(B) reconciling two opposing ideas about a historical era

　　(C) disputing evidence a scholar uses to substantiate a claim about a historical event

　　(D) analyzing two approaches to scholarly research and evaluating their methodologies

　　(E) criticizing a particular study and the approach to historical scholarship it represents

　　問宗旨，咱們直接看選項

　　A 支撐一個概念，文章越今後越說這個家夥研討紕謬勁，偏向不是支撐，殺

　　B調劑兩個概念，文章沒說兩個概念，是環繞一個家夥的研討談的，殺

　　C駁倒一個器械，偏向拼集，先留著

　　D文章沒提過兩種辦法，殺

　　E偏向同等，留著

　　C和E都說駁倒，只不外駁倒的器械不同樣，一個駁倒的是證據一個駁倒的是研討，文章明顯說的是一個研討紕謬勁，選E

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