托福閱讀指代題的解答技巧

2015/10/12 瀏覽次數:8 收藏
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  托福瀏覽中的指代題是出鏡率相稱高的題型之一,別的,在非托福的各類測驗中,門生也經常會碰到相似的指代題,以是控制指代題的題型分類息爭題技能對考學來講都是異常主要技巧,下面留學托福測驗頻道就為考生先容下托福瀏覽指代題的解答技能,供考生進修和參考。

  在托福測驗中的指代題便是考核門生對某一個代詞詳細指代的名詞的一個辨認,平日的發問情勢表現為“The word they/their/it/its/some in the passage refers to______”,然後給出四個選項,這四個詞平日都是原文中湧現過的生詞,而且每每都是在they/their/it/its/some這幾個詞的鄰近,以是就須要考生經由周密的思慮和推想,然後選出一個既相符行文邏輯,又相符左右辭意思的選項。那末說到這兒題目就來了,到底該怎樣肯定代詞到底指代的是甚麽詞呢?

  咱們可以依據代詞的分歧種別,把指代題分成四大範例:人稱代詞類、指導代詞類、幹系代詞類和不定代詞類。然後就能夠依據分歧種別的代詞特點逐一解答了。

  第一類,人稱代詞

  人稱代詞重要包含:I,you,he,she,it,we,they,me,him,them,yours,his,her,its,their等。此類題型應在做題時依據代詞的單復數及其所能指代的名詞來斷定,一般為往前找比來的焦點名詞。

  比方:

  “An auction is a popular way of buying and selling. It is a useful way of deciding the value of things。”

  The word It in the passage refers to __________。

  A. theory B. price

  C. process D. auction

  往前追溯單數情勢的焦點名詞,而且能用在第二句的主語地位的詞,就只能是第一句中湧現的auction一詞了,以是準確謎底選D。

  第二類,指導代詞

  指導代詞重要包含this, that, these, those等。在這類句子中,this和that平日指代某個概念事物或征象,而these和those平日指復數情勢下的某些概念事物或看法,而且該類題也遵守往前找的原則。

  比方:

  “The dragon also has large claws that are used when it is younger. It uses these to climb trees to escape from the jaws of older dragons. But when they get older, these claws are used mainly as weapons。”

  The word these in the passage refers to __________。

  A. claws B. trees

  C. jaws D. weapons

  該題中的these必定是指以前已湧現過的名詞,以是如今能力用代詞舉行指導,是以咱們起首可經由過程往前追溯的原則舉行排擠,B、C、D剎時就都被排除。再將A選項帶入原句驗證,看邏輯和意思是不是與句意符合,終極驗證註解,謎底恰是A選項。

  第三類,幹系代詞

  重要包含which, that, who, whom等。在這類句子中,平日采取就近原則。特別是由“, which”格局引誘的從句,一樣平常都長短限定性定語從句,平日便是指該詞前面緊挨著的名詞。但須要留意的是,當幹系代詞前有插入語時,須要先去掉插入語,再應用就近原則。

  比方:

  “Scientists have been looking for energy sources to replace oil. They have studied wind,ethanol,and nuclear energy. They have also started to look at coal again. Coal,which is the cheapest energy source,is found in many parts of the world. However,it is dangerous to mine. It also pollutes the environment。”

  The word which in the passage refers to __________。

  A. nuclear energy B. ethanol

  C. wind D. coal

  一看文句考核的是由which引誘的非限定性定語從句,則絕不遲疑得把謎底定位到which前的名詞“coal”上,以是一眼就可以選出該題的準確謎底D選項。

  第四類,不定代詞

  重要包含some,any,every,each,none,some...others...,one...,another等。這種代詞平日指的都是該詞先後與其幹系最慎密的名詞主語,而且留意詞的單復數情勢。

  比方:

  “Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction. It is estimated that 140000 species of plants are lost each year. Many of these lost plants could have been very useful in creating new drugs to combat disease。”

  The word Many in the passage refers to __________。

  A. studies B. plant species

  C. lost plants D. new drugs

  起首肯定該題的“Many”地點句主語應當是指“lost plants”,而且“of”是表現所屬的幹系,以是“Many”應當是屬於“these lost plants”中的一部門,以是很明顯“Many”指的就應當是“lost plants”,是以謎底選C。

  以上內容給考生先容了托福瀏覽指代題的解答技能,願望能為考生供給一些需要的贊助,這四大類代詞只能大抵涵蓋指代題中所觸及的範例,要想周全掌控指代題,還須要考生多花時光做題,好好積聚,掌控題目標特色,能力終極獲得幻想的成就。