gre作文素材：心理類&素質品德類

　　寫作是gre測驗主要的一部門，並且gre寫作是美國全部作文測驗中質量請求最高的一類作文測驗，是以，考生更須要賣力看待，留學gre測驗頻道提示考生：日常平凡除加強說話功底，還要留意素材的積聚和進步勤於思慮剖析的才能，本日留學為考生帶來的是關於生理類&本質品格類的gre作文素材，供考生參考。

　　生理類

　　1、馬斯洛概念： 人的需求條理

　　In Maslow‟s theory, then, human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance. Needs emerge only when higher-priority needs have been satisfied. By the same token, satisfied needs no longer influence behavior. This point seems worth stressing to managers and administrators, who often mistakenly assume that money and other tangible incentives are the only cures for morale and productivity problems. It may be, however, that the need to participate, to be recognized, to be creative, and to experience a sense of worth are better motivators in an affluent society, where many have already achieved an acceptable measure of freedom from hunger and threats to security and personal safety, and are now driven by higher-order psychological needs.

　　To further confound the problem of understanding motivation, Maslow points out that motives are not always conscious. In the average person, he believes, they are more often unconscious than conscious—showing the influence on his thinking of Freudian psychologists who have long been concerned with the hidden causes of human behavior.

　　2、馬斯洛概念： 三慷慨面需求

　　1. Growth needs

　　Though the deficiency needs may be seen as “basic”, and can be met and neutralized (i.e. they stop being motivators in one‟s life), self-actualization and transcendence are “being” or “growth

　　needs” (also termed “B-needs”), i.e. they are enduring motivat-ions or drivers of behavior.

　　3. Cognitive needs

　　Maslow believes that humans have the need to increase their intelligence and thereby chase knowledge. Cognitive needs are the expression of the natural human need to learn, explore, discover and create to get a better understanding of the world around them.

　　4. Aesthetic needs

　　Based on Maslow‟s beliefs, it is stated in the hierarchy that humans need beautiful imagery or something new and aesthetically pleasing to continue up towards Self-actualization. Humans need to refresh themselves in the presence and beauty of nature while carefully absorbing and observing their surroundings to extract the beauty that the world has to offer.

　　本質品格類

　　1、引導者的界說及其特色

　　First let‟s define what a leader is. A leader is getting things accomplished by acting through others or getting people to perform to their maximum potential.

　　Now let‟s identify some common traits of a leader. Leaders are people who set the example and have the courage to take the initiative to dominate the situation. They are decisive, bold, tactful, and communicate very well. They maintain enthusiasm, commitment, devotion and are knowledgeable of their duties. Effective leadership is the process of motivating others to meet specific objectives.

　　2、三大引導者範例

　　Three types of leaders exist, each with very different psychological profiles. One group is characterized as imaginative, inspiring, visionary, entrepreneurial, intuitive, daring, and emotional, and they are called “artists”. In a second grouping, there are “craftsmen” who are well-balanced, steady, reasonable, sensible, predictable, and trustworthy. Finally “technocrats” is defined as cerebral, detail-oriented, fastidious, uncompromising, and hard-headed. No one profile offers a preferred leadership style. If we want to build, we should find an “artist leader”; if we want to solidify our position, we should find a “craftsman leader”; and if we have an ugly job that needs to get done (like downsizing), we should find a “technocratic leader”. A balanced leader exhibiting all three sets of traits occurs extremely rarely.

　　3、亞裏士多德概念： 引導美德

　　Aristotle would answer that virtuous leaders have responsibilities to both their owners and their workers. If there‟s a conflict between the two, it is the leaders‟ duty to create conditions in which those interests can be made the same. He would remind us that while most potential leaders measure themselves solely in terms of their effectiveness in obtaining and maintaining power, virtuous ones also measure themselves by ethical standards of justice. He was talking about political leaders but, by extension, in the modern business context, it is appropriate that executives are evaluated not only in terms of their effectiveness in generating wealth for shareholders but also by the opportunity they provide for their followers to find meaning and opportunity for development in their workplaces.

　　以上內容便是關於生理類&本質品格類的gre作文素材，願望考生能賣力積聚，控制了必定的素材再加不懈的演習，才大概在新gre測驗的途徑上立於不敗之地!預祝考生在接下來的測驗中獲得滿足的成就。