托福瀏覽內容量大，取材豐碩，話題面廣，須要考生積聚需要的配景常識。本日留學托福測驗頻道就為考生網絡整頓了托福瀏覽配景常識：站著辦公的危害，願望對眾人托福備考有所贊助。
托福瀏覽配景常識：站著辦公的危害
A new study says that standing up at your desk doesn’t actually decrease your risk of death-by-office, unless you’re physically active otherwise.
新研討註解：除非常常錘煉，不然站著事情也不會下降猝死危害。
After several studies asserted that sitting at work all day is slowly killing us, researchers at the University of Exeter and University College London took another look at the claims. The Washington Post reports:
此前，已有多項研討註解，久坐會逐步地致人滅亡。但埃克塞特大學和倫敦大學學院的幾位研討員卻從另外一角度舉行了研討。華盛頓郵報報導：
Researchers tracked 16 years’ worth of health data from 5,132 people in the Whitehall II study cohort. Participants reported their total time sitting and how long they sat during four different situations: at work, watching television, leisure time and non-television leisure time. Researchers also tracked time spent walking daily and on physical activity.
這次研討的查詢拜訪工具來自白廳二級定群研討，共5132人。研討職員對他們長達16年的康健數據舉行了跟蹤。查詢拜訪工具需報告請示他們坐下的總時長，和在四種分歧場所——事情、看電視、業余運動，和不看電視的業余運動——分離坐下的時長。研討職員還跟蹤查詢拜訪了他們逐日步輦兒和活動的時長。
After controlling for a number of factors, including diet and general health, researchers found the overall mortality risk for these participants wasn’t influenced by how long they sat or by the kind of sitting. And the researchers cautioned that too much emphasis on not sitting shouldn’t take the place of promoting physical activity.
研討職員在掌握了包含飲食、團體康健在內的很多變量後，發明：查詢拜訪工具的總滅亡率不受久坐時光和坐姿的影響。研討職員申飭稱，人們不該過份誇大久坐的危害，而疏忽誇大活動的主要。
What’s particularly interesting about the study, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, is that researchers didn’t just focus on sitting during the workday, but factored in all kinds of sitting-specific data as well as rates of physical activity. Their conclusion was that “sitting time was not associated with all-cause mortality risk.” Basically, more elements are in play than just whether you’re sitting down at work, and your levels of physical activity are the greatest health indicator.
這項研討揭櫫在《國際風行病學雜誌》上。個中特殊風趣的是，研討員沒有只研討人們在事情時的久坐情形，還斟酌到了各類相幹數據和活動頻率。其結論是“久坐與全因滅亡率無關”。總而言之，影響康健的元素許多，不單單在因而否在事情時久坐。最能表現康健狀態的是錘煉情形。
So what does this all mean? It appears that the act of working while standing up—which has become a trendy thing to do, especially in tech offices—doesn’t help your health, if you’re not actually exercising otherwise. If you never make it to the gym, you might as well just sit down. This is good news for the makers of treadmill desks, however.
以是這到底象征著甚麽?如今風行站著辦公，科技公司尤其凸起。然則假如不錘煉，站著事情也仿佛沒甚麽用;假如永久都不去健身，還不如就座著呢。這對跑步機辦公桌的臨盆商來講，但是個好新聞。
The last office where I worked jumped on the standing desk trend hard, installing desks that could be raised for all workers. They also had a treadmill desk, and a bike desk. While the option to stand is certainly nice as a change in the middle of a monotonous workday, this research suggests it’s not the cure-all that adherents would like to claim.
我以前事情之處委曲跟上了站立式辦公桌的潮水，裝上了可隨便調理高度的桌子。別的，另有一張跑步機辦公桌和一張自行車辦公桌。固然，在乏味的事情之余能站著事情也是個不錯的選取，但研討註解，站著事情並非所謂的萬靈丹。
“Our study overturns current thinking on the health risks of sitting and indicates that the problem lies in the absence of movement rather than the time spent sitting itself,” study author Melvyn Hillsdon of the University of Exeter said in a statement. “Any stationary posture where energy expenditure is low may be detrimental to health, be it sitting or standing.”
“咱們的研討顛覆了當下人們對久坐傷害的認知，並指出傷害康健的緣故原由在於缺少錘煉，而不是久坐，”來自埃克塞特大學的研討作者梅爾文·希爾斯頓在一份聲明中說道。“身材靜止不動，能量消費就低，從而傷害康健，不論是坐著照樣站著都同樣。”
The takeaway here is companies that truly want to assist worker health should invest money in options like free exercise classes and gym reimbursements. They should encourage employees to go outside and actually walk around, not simply stand up at their computers. And maybe it means that everyone who insists that standing up is the only way to work can climb down off their high desk.
這註解，真正關懷員工康健的公司應當把錢花在購置免費活動課程和報銷健身用度上。公司應勉勵員工走出辦公室，到處逛逛，而不是只在電腦前站著事情。大概這象征著那些深信“站著是獨一辦理方法”的人終究能從高高的桌子上趴下來了。
以上內容為考生分享了托福瀏覽配景常識：站著辦公的危害，願望能為考生的備考供給一些參考，更多托福測驗出色內容盡在留學托福測驗頻道，敬請考生連續存眷，預祝考生在接下來托福測驗中有精彩的施展。
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