托福寫作文章段落具備的三大特性

　　全部的文章都是由段落所組成的，以是，考生要想在托福寫作中有一個精彩的施展，就要看重托福寫作中段落的寫法，本日留學托福測驗頻道就為考生先容下托福寫作文章段落具有的三大特征，願望對考生有贊助。

　　1.同一性

　　一個段落內的各個句子必需附屬於一其中心，任何遊離於中間思惟以外的句子都是弗成取的。請看下例：

　　Joe and I decided to take the long trip we‘d always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.

　　本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea(中間思惟)是take the long trip across the country。文中湧現兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I ，中央湧現一個Bella是分歧適的。另有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相幹。考生在四級統考的作文卷上經常由於造出irrelevant sentences(不相幹語句)而丟分，值得引發留意。再看一個例子：

　　My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.

　　本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是I bought two new suitcases last week，另外一個是My mother was a premature baby。

　　從上面兩個例子可以看出，native speakers一樣會造出來irrelevant sentences。卷面上假如這類句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那題目就更緊張了。

　　2.完全性

　　正象咱們前面說得那樣，一個段落的主題思惟靠推展句來實現，假如只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交代和充分，就不克不及組成一個完全的段落。一樣，固然有推展句，但主題思惟沒有獲得相對於美滿的交代，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感到。如許的段落也不克不及完成其外交功效。比方：

　　Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to workyou produce something rather than more anxiety or depression.

　　本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不克不及答復主題句中提出的題目。甚麽是 "a mind in turmoil"(心情不屈靜)Physical work又若何能轉變這類情形?為何它能起therapy的感化?讀者得不到明白的謎底。

　　因為四級統考的作文部門只請求寫一篇100～120個詞的三段式漫筆，每段只有約莫40個詞上下，是以，要到達完全就必需盡量地簡明。比方：

　　It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.

　　段首句所表達的主題思惟是一種意見，必需有詳細事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在筆墨上對主題作些說明，全部段落內容空泛，簡而不明。假如用一兩個詳細的例子的話，就能夠把主題說明清晰了。比以下段：

　　It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can‘t swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?

　　3.聯貫性(coherence)

　　聯貫性包含意連和形連兩個方面，前者指的是內涵的邏輯性，後者指的是應用轉換詞語。固然這二者經常是弗成朋分的。只有形連而沒故意連，句子之間就沒有內涵的有機的接洽;反之，只故意連而沒有形連，偶然行文就不敷流利。

　　1) 意連

　　段落中句子的分列應遵守必定的順序，不克不及想到甚麽就寫甚麽。假如鄙人筆以前沒有構想，邊寫邊想，寫寫停停，那就寫不出趁熱打鐵的好文章來。下面先容幾種常見的分列方法。

　　A.定時間前後分列(chronological arrangement)

　　We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o‘clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours - it must have been close to noonthe heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was four o‘clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.

　　本段從 "rose"(起床)寫起，然後是吃早飯("not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine o‘clock")，然後是 "close to noon"，一向寫到這一天停止("By nine")。

　　B. 按地位遠近分列(spatial arrangement)。比方：

　　From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.

　　本段的寫法是由遠及近，從遠處("from a distance")寫起，然後"get closer"，再到("ten feet away")，末了是 "inside the pagoda"……固然，按地位遠最近寫不即是都是由遠及近。依據須要，也能夠由近及遠，由表及裏等等。

　　以上信息便是關於“托福寫作文章段落具有三大特征”的具體先容，願望能為備登科的考生供給一些有效的參考，更多托福測驗出色內容盡在留學托福測驗頻道，敬請考生連續存眷。