對付一篇托福瀏覽文章，考生該怎樣充足應用才算是將這篇文章真正“吃透”了呢?信任許多考生都邑有如許的疑難，本日咱們就以一篇瀏覽文章為例，教給考生提取它的難詞，難句，龐雜的文章構造，眾人可以在備考托福瀏覽的時刻，都用這類方法舉行演習，有助於咱們在托福瀏覽測驗中遊刃有余，進步托福寫作才能。
原文：
Geologists have long known that the Earth's mantle is heterogeneous, but its spatial arrangement remains unresolved—is the mantle essentially layered or irregularly heterogeneous? The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle. Some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in "incompatible elements" (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, according to the vagaries of the fluids' pathways. We believe, perhaps unimaginatively, that this debate can be resolved through further study, and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key.
一、難詞
spatial: a.1.空間的，太空的;2.存在(大概產生)於宇宙空間的
plume: n.1.羽狀物2.柱，地柱
xenolith:俘虜巖
percolate:v.1.滲入滲出2.分散到，漫溢於
portions: n.一部門
二、難句
1.the best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system， whose source，most geologists contend，is the upper mantle.
對付地幔分層論點來講，最佳的證據乃如許一個確認的究竟，即在那些海洋島嶼——這些島嶼據信是源於由基層地幔升上來的地幔柱狀溶巖流(mantle plume)——上發明的火山巖石，是由與海洋中部山脊體系的物資基本分歧的物資組成的，而這一海洋中部山脊體系的成因，大多半地質學家論辯道，為上部地幔。
難句範例：龐雜潤飾、插入語
說明：本句前面的骨幹其實不算難，即the evidence is the fact that,難就難在fact以後解釋fact 的同位語從句。此從句中既有大段插入語，又有從句，較難堪讀。同位語從句的主語是volcanic rocks，主語背面的found on oceanic islands是分詞潤飾volcanic rocks的;islands背面又有一個解釋islands的同位語islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle,此同位語現實起到一個分開主謂的同位語的感化。厥後是謂語動詞are composed/of fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle。
句中有一些專有辭匯。假如拋開文章不說，單看這一個句子，則句首的layered mantle thesis就難以懂得。然則假如讀者可以或許讀懂句子的大請安思，看到layered mantle thesisr最有力證據便是其資料fundamentally different from… the upper mantle,這應當可以推想出，既然分歧於上層地幔，則這個理論必定是在說地幔有分歧的層面。
2. some geologists，however，on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths， argue that the mantle is not layered，but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in "incompatible elements" (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state)percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly，according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways. (4+)
然則，某些地質學家，以對地幔捕虜巖體(xenolith)所作的視察為根據，指出地幔並不是是分層分列的，相反，地幔的異質性是由那些富含“不相容身分”的流質組成的，這些身分趨勢於流體而非固體的狀況，自下而上滲入滲出分散，並按照這些流質流向的隨意率性性，不規矩地將上部地幔的某些部門予以轉變。
難句範例：龐雜潤飾、插入語
說明：本句的主句中有一個長插入語however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths,分裂了主謂，但句子的重要難度照樣在that引誘的賓語從句中，從句中有由but 所銜接的兩個句子，一路持續到句末。首選是rich in incompatible elements潤飾fluids;背面又有一個同位語和一個分詞構造，都是潤飾incompatible elements的，末了另有一個狀語來潤飾誰人分詞構造，層層潤飾，比擬龐雜。
三、文章構造
Ts是文章的第一句，是以這一篇漫筆章是結論說明型。文章開端說出了地幔是heterogeneous,然後又指出了他的spatial arrangement remains unresolved,然後提出了兩種理論，一是layered-mantle thesis,另一個是irregularly heterogeneous.然後分離對這兩種理論舉行describe.末了作者指出，We believe, perhaps unimaginatively, that this debate can be resolved through further study, and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key.
以上內容為考生剖析了準確應用托福瀏覽文章的方法，願望能為考生的備考供給一些參考，更多托福測驗出色內容盡在留學托福測驗頻道，敬請考生連續存眷。末了，預祝考生在接下來托福測驗中有精彩的施展。
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