The masters in management degree, once the best-kept secret of European business schools, is becoming the star of 21st-century business education. Though still a passport to the boardrooms of France and northern Europe, it is also proving to be the saviour of many North American business schools and a tool to build international reputations in countries as far afield as China.
治理學碩士學位(MiM)曾是歐洲各商學院心領神會的機密，現在正成為21世紀商學教導的明星。只管該學位仍舊是進入法國及北歐企業董事會的通暢證，但它也正成為北美許多商學院的救星、和在中國等迢遙國家樹立國際名譽的對象。
In the US, where applications to MBA programmes have fallen, masters degrees have provided a welcome source of revenue while giving those leaving undergraduate degrees a leg-up in the job market during the great recession. As such, masters in management (MiM) in the US were frequently designed for liberal arts graduates from the parent university.
在MBA課程申請人數湧現下滑的美國，碩士學位供給了一個可喜的收入起源，同時也在大闌珊時代為本科卒業生供給了一塊求職的墊腳石。是以，美國商學院的MiM每每是為其所屬大學的文科本科生計劃的。
At Mendoza College in Indiana, for example, which started its programme two years ago, 40 per cent of students are still graduates of the parent University of Notre Dame, says Mary Goss, senior director of graduate business programmes. “What the MiM has done is open up those undergraduate recruiters to other students on campus.”
比方，2年前開設這一課程的印第安納州門多薩商學院(Mendoza College)研討生商務課程的高等主任瑪麗戈斯(Mary Goss)稱，40%的門生還是其所屬的聖母大學(University of Notre Dame)的卒業生。“MiM讓那些本科生雇用者去打仗校園裏的其他門生。”
This growing recognition and acceptance of the MiM in the US is also increasing the country’s popularity as a destination for MiM graduates from Europe, says Leila Guerra, executive director of early career programmes at London Business School, which launched its MiM degree in 2009. “We are seeing that US recruiters recruit many of our grads. New York has become a hotspot for us. Fifty of our MiMs are working there, especially in finance and consulting.”
倫敦商學院(London Business School)初期職業課程的行政主任利拉格拉(Leila Guerra)稱，美國對MiM的認知和承認過活益增長，也晉升了美國作為歐洲MiM卒業生求職目標地的人氣。“咱們發明美國雇用職員招走了咱們許多卒業生。紐約成為咱們卒業生的熱點都會。咱們有50名MiM卒業生在那邊事情，特殊是在金融和咨詢行業。”
While big-brand US schools such as Fuqua, Kellogg and Michigan Ross chart the popularity of this new breed of business degrees, others are more concerned about the knock-on effect on other programmes.
盡司庫商學院(Fuqua)、凱洛格商學院(Kellogg School)及密歇根大學羅斯商學院(Michigan Ross)等大牌美國商學院使此類新型商務學位課程走紅，但其別人更擔憂這些課程對其他課程釀成的蕩漾效應。
Mark Vandenbosch, associate dean for programmes at Canada’s Ivey Business School at Western University, says the plethora of degrees on the market may mean MiM graduates find themselves competing for jobs with those from undergraduate business programmes.
加拿大西安簡略大學(Western University)艾維商學院(Ivey Business School)賣力課程的副院長馬克範登博施(Mark Vandenbosch)稱，市場上各類學位許多，大概象征著MiM卒業生要與商務課程的本科生競爭事情。
He argues that masters need to have a real distinguishing feature or “spike”, as he calls it, to differentiate them. “We can’t continue to create students unless there are recruiters ready to accept them.”
他以為，碩士學位應當有真實的特點或“過人的地方”，以此脫穎而出。“咱們不克不及再持續造就門生——除非雇用者預備聘請他們。”
The growing international acceptance of the MiM means that for French business schools, which have dominated the Financial Times MiM ranking since its inception in 2005 with their Grandes Ecoles programmes, the degree can increasingly attract high fee-paying international students to France. Schools such as Skema are even exporting the degree to the US.
國際上對MiM的接收過活益增長象征著，對付法國商學院來講，該學位可以日趨吸引付出昂揚膏火的國際門生來法國。自2005年英國《金融時報》推出MiM排行榜以來，法國商學院一向憑仗其“高級專業學院”(Grandes Ecoles)課程占領主導位置。商科聯友邦際商學院(Skema)等學院乃至向美國出口此類學位課程。
The school will go one step further this year when its masters in international business will be taught in Brazil through an agreement with executive education specialist Funda漀 Dom Cabral.
本年，該學院將更進一步——經由過程與高管束育專業機構Funda漀 Dom Cabral殺青協定，它將在巴西開設國際商務碩士課程。
“We need to internationalise for our growth. In France the fees are frozen,” says Alice Guilhon, dean of Skema. “It’s very difficult to think about growth in only [the French] market.”
“咱們須要使咱們的增加加倍國際化。在法國，膏火是封頂的，”商科聯友邦際商學院院長艾麗絲吉龍(Alice Guilhon)稱，“只範圍在(法國)市場內，很難成長強大。”
At the moment Skema has 7,000 students. “We want to reach 8,000 or 9,000,” says Prof Guilhon.
今朝，商科聯友邦際商學院有7000門生。“咱們願望到達8000或9000人，”吉龍傳授稱。
Skema is one of several French schools to have set up in China and to promote the MiM there. Kedge Business School, for example, has worked with Renmin University in Beijing to develop a three-year programme after which graduates receive a bachelors degree from Renmin and a MiM from Kedge, explains Thomas Froehlicher, dean of Kedge. “We have to reinvent business education for the 21st century,” he says. “The French Grande Ecole is a product of the 20th century.”
商科聯友邦際商學院是在中國辦學並推行MiM的幾所法國商學院之一。比方，Kedge商學院院長托馬斯弗勒利謝(Thomas Froehlicher)說明稱，該學院與北京中國國民大學互助創辦一個3年課程，卒業生將得到人大本科學位和Kedge治理學碩士學位。“咱們必需再造21世紀的商務教導，”他稱，“法國‘高級專業學院’是20世紀的產品。”
Not all Chinese business school deans are convinced of the value of the MiM. Most masters degrees in China have an academic focus and are often prerequisites for PhD programmes, says Zhou Lin, dean of Antai College at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. As a result, China’s ministry of education rules that schools cannot charge high fees. Antai, for example, charges Rmb98,000 ($15,333) for its MiM but Rmb208,000 for its full-time MBA and Rmb568,000 for its executive MBA.
並不是中國全部商學院的院長都信任MiM的代價。上海交通大學安樂學院的院長周林稱，中國絕大多半碩士課程都有學術重心，並且每每是博士課程的條件前提。是以，中國教導部劃定，黌舍不得征收昂揚膏火。好比，安樂學院MiM課程的膏火是9.8萬元國民幣(合15333美元)，而其整日制MBA課程的膏火為20.8萬元、EMBA膏火為56.8萬元。
“Given that each business school has a limited quota of how many masters it can admit (including both MiM and MBA programmes), most schools prefer to admit more MBA students than MiM students,” says Prof Zhou.
“鑒於每家商學院都有碩士學位的招生限額(包含MiM和MBA課程)，多半學院偏向於招收更多的MBA門生、而不是MiM門生，”周林稱。
In addition, the Chinese government requires masters programmes to be at least two years in length, which means many Chinese travel overseas to take a one-year degree, he adds.
他彌補道，別的，中國當局請求碩士課程的時光最少2年，這象征著許多中國粹生出國留學是為了拿到只須要1年的學位。
More promising for Chinese schools are MiMs designed to attract international students, which are outside the quota system and have fewer restrictions on fees, continues Prof Zhou. Two years ago Antai launched just such a programme. “Although the initial number was modest, we enrolled 38 students from about 20 countries last year,” he says. “We expect to have more than 50 students out of 120-plus applicants this autumn.”
周林持續說，對付中國的商學院而言，更有前程的是為吸引國際留門生而計劃的治理學碩士學位，他們的招生名額不受配額限定，在收費方面限定也較少。安樂兩年前就推出如許一個項目。“固然開端時人數未幾，但客歲咱們招收了來自約20個國度的38邏輯學生，”他說，“本年秋日，咱們估計將從120多名申請者中登科50多邏輯學生。”
The tentative growth of the MiM in China is at odds with what is happening in India. The PGP, a two-year pre-experience business masters that largely mirrors the French Grandes Ecoles programmes, has long been the flagship programme of the elite Indian Institutes of Management. However, all that is changing.
治理學碩士在中國的摸索性增加與印度產生的情形完整分歧。治理學研討生(PGP)項目——根本上參照法國高級商學院課程、為期兩年的無事情履歷貿易碩士——歷久是精英的印度治理學院(Indian Institutes of Management)的旗艦課程。但是，這統統正在產生變更。
At IIM Ahmedabad, arguably the most prestigious business school in India, there are plans to push up the entry age and work experience of students, says Ajay Pandey, dean for programmes.
處於艾哈邁達巴德(Ahmedabad)的印度治理學院可謂印度最有名的商學院。賣力課程的院長阿賈伊堠迪(Ajay Pandey)稱，該校籌劃進步門生的入學年紀並增長事情履歷請求。
“We would hope that in the next six to seven years [work experience] would be a given. We want to get 80–85 per cent [of students] with work experience at least,” he says. The move to a post-experience degree will also result in the PGP being renamed an MBA.
“咱們願望(事情履歷)在將來6到7年裏成為根本請求。咱們願望最少80%至85%的(門生)有事情履歷，”他說。轉向有事情履歷碩士學位的舉動還將會使PGP改名為MBA。
The confusion in India is unlikely to hamper the growing recognition of the MiM, however. As more and more graduates move up the corporate hierarchy, they will begin to recruit graduates in their own image, says Leila Guerra at LBS. “MiMs recruit other MiMs.”
但是，印度在這方面的迷惑不太大概妨害環球對治理學碩士日趨擴展的承認。倫敦商學院(LBS)的利拉格拉(Leila Guerra)說，跟著愈來愈多的卒業生在企業中獲得提升，他們將開端雇用與本身配景類似的卒業生，“治理學碩士將雇用其他治理學碩士。”
As they do so, the MiM brand will become more established, she says. “For me, the successful moment will be when I can go out and say, ‘I have an MiM’, and people will understand it the same way they do the MBA.”
當他們如許做的時刻，治理學碩士的品牌將變得加倍穩定，她說，“對我來講，勝利的時候是當我在表面說‘我有MiM’時，人們會像懂得MBA同樣懂得它是怎樣回事。”
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