There are no equivalents to highway codes, nutritional guidelines and movie-style ratings systems to help people make safe choices on the internet.
人們要在互聯網上做出平安的選取，沒有像實際生存中交通律例、養分指南和片子作風評級軌制之類的器械作為參考。
Many consumers feel hopeless and helpless, as retailers, healthcare providers and governments lose millions of records and hackers steal their identities to make fraudulent transactions. Senior businesspeople may be among the most at risk because of their wealth or because they may have access to commercially sensitive material.
很多花費者覺得失望和無助，由於零售商、醫療辦事供給者及當局喪失了數以百萬計的記載，而黑客盜取花費者的身份舉行訛詐生意業務。高層商界人士屬於危害最高的人士行列，緣故原由在於他們的財產，或是由於他們大概有得到貿易敏感資料的門路。
Current forms of cyber security protection, particularly for individuals, are not keeping up with wily hackers, who are able to change tactics quickly.
當前的收集平安掩護情勢(特別對小我來講)跟不上可以或許快速轉變計謀的狡猾黑客。
Jay Kaplan, chief executive of Synack, a security start-up, says people should prioritise monitoring how their information is being used, because they have to assume it has been stolen by someone.
始創的收集平安企業Synack首席履行官傑伊慍湓灦(Jay Kaplan)說，人們應當側重監測他們的信息是若何被應用的，由於他們不能不假設本身的信息已被他人盜取了。
“It is inevitable,” he says. “Everyone needs to take a stance that eventually their information will be compromised unless they live under a rock and never share electronically. Even then, it is impossible, given they do things such as file tax returns.”
“這是弗成防止的，”他說。“每小我都須要熟悉到，他們的信息畢竟都邑遭到傷害，除非他們生存在巖石下面，並且從不應用電子方法分享信息。即使如許，信息泄漏也弗成能防止，由於他們要做納稅報告之類的工作。”
Regularly checking your personal credit rating is the best way to keep track of financial fraud, but it is harder to monitor how hackers are using healthcare data or how identification such as social security numbers in the US or national insurance numbers in the UK, that are used to access myriad sensitive accounts, may be being misused.
按期檢討本身的小我信譽評級是發明金融訛詐的最佳辦法，但要監控黑客若何應用醫療數據大概那些用來拜訪大批敏感賬戶的身份信息(如美國的社會保障號碼或英國的公民保險號碼)若何被濫用要困可貴多。
Mr Kaplan says companies’ and government agencies’ dependence on this form of identification and other easily discoverable identifiers such as names, addresses and dates of birth, is archaic and no longer secure.
卡普蘭說，企業及當局機構對這類身份辨認情勢和其他輕易被發明的辨認信息(如名字、地點和出誕辰期)的依附是過期的、不平安的。
He recommends companies come up with a more secure authentication system and that consumers use two-factor authentication, where a password is used in conjunction with another randomly created code, often sent by SMS or generated by an app.
他發起企業應用一種更平安的身份驗證體系，花費者應用兩重身份驗證——暗碼與隨機創立的代碼合營應用，後者平日由短信發送或由運用天生。
Vince Steckler, chief executive of Avast, an antivirus software maker for consumers, says people become scared when they see thefts of individuals’ data from companies such as Target and Home Depot, the US retailers. But he adds they really need to worry about how much data they share voluntarily online.
殺毒軟件制作商Avast首席履行官文斯施特克勒(Vince Steckler)說，當看到小我信息被從美國零售商——如Target和家得寶(Home Depot)——那邊被盜取時，人們會覺得畏懼。但他彌補說，人們真正須要擔憂的是本身在網上誌願分享了若幹數據。
“Users probably give far more private information about themselves through their normal use of the internet —Facebook, WhatsApp, just about any kind of app on a phone or computer,” he says. “They give up a massive amount of personal information. The biggest threat to people’s privacy is just the legitimate stuff they are using.”
“用戶在平常應用互聯網(Facebook、WhatsApp等電話或電腦中的任何一款運用)時，供給的私家信息大概還要多很多，”他說，“他們裸露了大批的小我信息。對人們的隱私威逼最大的是他們應用的正當對象。”
Hackers often use publicly available data about people that is on the internet to “socially engineer” contacts, pretending to be someone users know or trust in order to get them to download an attachment or click on an infected link. Or they can use online information on friends and family members to answer the questions that might be used to access password codes.
黑客常常應用在網上可以公然得到的小我數據來制作交際幹系，偽裝是用戶熟悉大概信賴的某小我，為的是讓他們下載一個附件大概點擊一個有病毒的鏈接。大概，他們可以應用一小我的同夥和家人的網上信息答復大概被用於獲得暗碼的題目。
“On a public profile, people have where they are born, what university they went to, who their family members are, what city they live in. All that information can be used to get more private pieces of information such as social security numbers, addresses and phone numbers,” Mr Steckler says.
“在公然簡介中，人們泄漏出本身的出身地、讀過的大學、家庭成員和所棲身的都會。全部這些信息均可以被用於獲得更多的私家信息，如社會保障號碼、家庭地點及手機號碼，”施特克勒說。
People should be aware of what information is available about them online and be suspicious when they receive emails from unknown senders. When clicking through to another site from an email, do not enter personal details as it could be a fake domain. Instead, search for the site on an independent search engine and log in from there.
人們應當懂得，本身的哪些信息在網上可以查到，而且在收到生疏人發送的郵件時應堅持疑惑立場。當從電子郵件中點擊鏈接進入另外一個網站時，不要輸入小我具體信息，由於該網站多是一個冒充域名。你要做的是，在另外一個自力搜刮引擎上搜刮該網站並從那邊登錄。
Senior managers and executives in organisations may be even more at risk, cyber security experts warn, as hackers will presume they have good credit ratings or perhaps access to confidential work files while working remotely.
收集平安專家告誡稱，構造中的高層治理職員大概面對更大危害，由於黑客會推想他們有很好的信譽評級，大概在長途事情時可以拜訪秘密的事情文件。
Tony Anscombe, head of free products at AVG, a security software maker, says consumers need to think about forgoing some convenience in return for better security. When shopping online, he recommends people use the option to check out as a guest to restrict the number of ecommerce sites that store their details.
收集平安軟件制作商AVG免費產物主管托尼褠斯科姆(Tony Anscombe)說，花費者須要斟酌廢棄一些方便，以調換更好的平安性。上彀購物時，他發起人們應用訪客結賬的選項，以限定電子商務網站存儲他們具體信息的數目。
“One of the first things I suggest to anyone is you can type in your credit card details each time you make a purchase. It is only a 16 digit number, it is not too complicated,” he says.
“我對全部人的第一個發起是，每次網購，你都要輸入一次本身的信譽卡信息。只有16位數字，其實不太龐雜，”他說。
He adds that consumers should use different email addresses for different purposes, such as shopping and banking, so hackers cannot match an email stolen from an ecommerce website to one from a bank. Emails from more than one address can be directed to the same device, so this should not be too inconvenient, he says.
他彌補說，針對分歧的目標(如購物和解決銀行營業)，花費者應當應用分歧的電子郵件地點，如許黑客就沒法應用從電商網站偷來的電郵去立室從銀行盜取的電郵。可以從統一款裝備發送多個分歧地點的電郵，是以，如許做應當不會太貧苦。
Other basic steps that Mr Anscombe recommends include checking your social media settings to make sure you know what you are sharing, turning off facial recognition so that you do not get tagged in photos without your permission and using different and complex passwords for each account.
安斯科姆發起的其他根本辦法包含，檢討你的交際媒體設置，確保本身曉得分享的內容;關掉臉部辨認功效，如許你就不會在未經本身允許的情形下被在照片中標註出本身的名字;每一個賬戶要應用分歧且龐雜的暗碼。
“Every time you write something down that is personal, think: Who is storing it, where is it being stored and why am I sending it to them?” he says.
“你每次寫下觸及小我隱私的信息，都要想一下：誰在存儲它，存儲在那邊，我為何要發送給他們?”他說。
市場價：HK$ 110
