【中國教導消息網綜合 - 消息資訊】2016年SAT改造樣題：新SAT寫作改造細節剖析
Sleep disorders havebeen linked to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and depression, andrecent research suggests one main cause of “short sleep” is “long light.”Whether we work at night or simply take our tablets, notebooks and smartphonesto bed, there isn’t a place for this much artificial light in our lives.
The rest of the worlddepends on darkness as well, including nocturnal and crepuscular species ofbirds, insects, mammals, fish and reptiles. Some examples are well known—the400 species of birds that migrate at night?in North America, the sea turtlesthat come ashore to lay their eggs—and some are not, such as the bats that saveAmerican farmers billions in pest control and the moths that pollinate 80% ofthe world’s flora. Ecological light pollution is like the bulldozer of thenight, wrecking habitat and disrupting ecosystems several billion years in themaking. Simply put, without darkness, Earth’s ecology would collapse . . .
In today’s crowded,louder, more fast-paced world, night’s darkness?can provide solitude, quiet andstillness, qualities increasingly in short supply. Every religious traditionhas considered darkness invaluable for a soulful life, and the chance towitness the universe has inspired artists, philosophers and everyday stargazerssince time began. In a world awash with electric light. . . how would Van Goghhave given the world his “Starry Night”? Who knows what this vision of thenight sky might inspire in each of us, in our children or grandchildren?
Yet all over the world,our nights are growing brighter. In the United States and Western Europe, theamount of light in the sky increases an average of about 6% every year.computer images of the United States at night, based on NASA photographs, showthat what was a very dark country as recently as the 1950s is now nearlycovered with a blanket of light. Much of this light is wasted energy, whichmeans wasted dollars. Those of us over 35 are perhaps among the last generationto have known truly dark nights. Even the northern lake where I was lucky tospend my summers has seen its darkness diminish.
It doesn’t have to bethis way. Light pollution is readily within our ability to solve, using newlighting technologies and shielding existing lights. Already, many cities andtowns across North America and Europe are changing to LED streetlights, whichoffer dramatic possibilities for controlling wasted light. Other communitiesare finding success with simply turning off portions of their public lightingafter midnight. Even Paris, the famed “city of light,” which already turns offits monument lighting after 1 a.m., will this summer start to require itsshops, offices and public buildings to turn off lights after 2 a.m. Thoughprimarily designed to save energy, such reductions in light will also go far inaddressing light pollution. But we will never truly address the problem oflight pollution until we become aware of the irreplaceable value and beauty ofthe darkness we are losing.
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